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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency) - Finance & Valuables

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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency)
alms
alms
[noun]

money, food, or other donations given to the poor or needy as an act of charity

Ex: The kind-hearted woman regularly gave alms to the homeless in her neighborhood. 
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annuity
annuity
[noun]

a fixed stream of payments made at regular intervals, typically derived from a capital investment or insurance contract

Ex: She receives a monthly annuity from her retirement fund. 
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in arrears
in arrears
[phrase]

in debt and late in paying it

Ex: The tenant was two months in arrears on his rent payments. 
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bullion
bullion
[noun]

gold or silver cast into bars or ingots, valued by weight rather than face value

Ex: The vault was stacked with gold bullion ready for transport. 
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bauble
bauble
[noun]

a small, flashy piece of jewelry or decoration that is inexpensive and ornamental

Ex: She wore glittering baubles that caught the light. 
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impecunious
impecunious
[Adjective]

severely lacking money

Ex: As a student, he led an impecunious existence, relying on part-time jobs to make ends meet. 
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indigence
indigence
[noun]

a state of extreme poverty in which a person lacks the basic necessities of life

Ex: The charity was founded to alleviate indigence in rural communities. 
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lucre
lucre
[noun]

a term used to refer to cash or money, often with a nuance of being obtained through profit or earnings

Ex: The entrepreneur was eager to see the lucre flow in from the successful product launch. 
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penury
penury
[noun]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

Ex: He grew up in penury, struggling to meet basic needs. 
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reparation

compensation demanded from a defeated nation by the victors, to make amends for war damages or losses

Ex: After World War I, Germany was required to pay heavy reparations under the Treaty of Versailles. 
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solvent
solvent
[Adjective]

having the ability to meet financial obligations and paying debts

Ex: Despite economic challenges, the company remained solvent due to wise financial management. 
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usury
usury
[noun]

the practice of lending money at excessively high interest rates, considered unethical or illegal

Ex: The lender was accused of usury after charging triple-digit interest. 
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to ante up

to contribute or pay the required amount in order to settle and clear a debt

Ex: The debtor decided to ante up and pay off the outstanding loan to clear the debt. 
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to indemnify

to repay someone for financial loss, damage, etc. that they have experienced

Ex: The employer agreed to indemnify the employee for any work-related injuries covered by the company's insurance. 
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to pony up

to pay money owed, such as a bill, debt, or required contribution

Ex: He finally ponied up the cash for dinner after some nudging. 
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indigent
indigent
[Adjective]

extremely poor or in need

Ex: The indigent population relied on government assistance for survival. 
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perquisite

a privilege reserved solely for a specific person or group by virtue of hereditary status, official rank, or institutional authority

Ex: The right to hunt in the royal forest was a perquisite of the nobility. 
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privation
privation
[noun]

a condition of severe hardship or poverty

Ex: He grew up in privation, with barely enough to eat. 
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to [feather] {one's} (own|) nest

to take advantage of a position to make oneself rich, particularly by using unfair or dishonest methods

Ex: The mayor used city contracts to feather his own nest. 
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to [tighten] {one's} belt

to lessen the amount of money or resources one uses compared to before, particularly due to having less available

Ex: After losing his job, he had to tighten his belt. 
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windfall
windfall
[noun]

an unexpected event that brings financial gain or good fortune

Ex: Winning the lottery was a windfall. 
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blue chip
blue chip
[noun]

a blue-colored poker chip representing the highest monetary value in a standard set

Ex: He bet a blue chip, signaling confidence in his hand. 
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destitution

extreme poverty and deprivation of basic necessities

Ex: After the war, many families were left in complete destitution. 
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compensatory damages

money awarded to someone who has been harmed, to cover their actual losses or injuries

Ex: The court awarded compensatory damages for medical expenses and lost wages. 
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to [bring] home the bacon

to earn enough money to be able to pay for the necessities of life

Ex: After his father retired, he had to bring home the bacon. 
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gratuity
gratuity
[noun]

an additional amount of money given to someone for their services

Ex: The waiter received a generous gratuity for providing excellent service throughout the meal. 
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largess
largess
[noun]

a sum of money or gift given freely, often as a token of generosity

Ex: The foundation received a generous largess from an anonymous benefactor. 
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pecuniary
pecuniary
[Adjective]

involving or about money

Ex: The contract outlined the pecuniary benefits offered to the employees. 
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to underwrite

to financially support a project, activity, etc. and take responsibility for potential loss

Ex: Investors are hesitant to underwrite new tech startups without seeing a prototype first. 
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spendthrift

an individual who is in the habit of spending money in a careless and wasteful way

Ex: The spendthrift lifestyle was unsustainable and eventually caught up with him. 
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white elephant

a possession that is costly to maintain and difficult to dispose of, often more trouble than it is worth

Ex: The old mansion became a white elephant after the owner could not afford the repairs. 
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pittance
pittance
[noun]

a sum of money that is very insufficient

Ex: Despite working long hours, he was paid a mere pittance for his efforts. 
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to tally up

to count numbers or amounts to get a total

Ex: They tallied the votes up. 
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