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ケンブリッジ英語: CPE (C2 熟練度) - 金融と貴重品

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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency)
alms
[名詞]

money, food, or other donations given to the poor or needy as an act of charity

施し, 慈善

施し, 慈善

Ex: The charity organization relies on alms from generous donors to carry out its mission .慈善団体は、その使命を果たすために、寛大な寄付者からの**施し**に頼っています。
annuity
[名詞]

a fixed stream of payments made at regular intervals, typically derived from a capital investment or insurance contract

年金, 定期支払い

年金, 定期支払い

in debt and late in paying it

Ex: The contractor was consistently in arrears with project deadlines.
bullion
[名詞]

gold or silver cast into bars or ingots, valued by weight rather than face value

地金, 金または銀の地金

地金, 金または銀の地金

bauble
[名詞]

a small, flashy piece of jewelry or decoration that is inexpensive and ornamental

アクセサリー, 装飾品

アクセサリー, 装飾品

impecunious
[形容詞]

severely lacking money

貧しい, お金がない

貧しい, お金がない

Ex: They offered to help their impecunious friend by paying for his groceries and other necessities .彼らは、食料品やその他の必需品を支払うことで、**金欠の**友人を助けることを申し出ました。
indigence
[名詞]

a state of extreme poverty in which a person lacks the basic necessities of life

貧困

貧困

lucre
[名詞]

a term used to refer to cash or money, often with a nuance of being obtained through profit or earnings

利益, 金

利益, 金

Ex: The financial report detailed how the company generated substantial lucre from recent investments .財務報告書は、会社が最近の投資からどのようにかなりの**lucre**を生み出したかを詳述した。
penury
[名詞]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

貧困, 窮乏

貧困, 窮乏

Ex: The sudden loss of his job pushed him into a state of penury.彼の突然の失業は、彼を**貧困**の状態に追いやった。
reparation
[名詞]

compensation demanded from a defeated nation by the victors, to make amends for war damages or losses

戦争賠償, 賠償金

戦争賠償, 賠償金

solvent
[形容詞]

having the ability to meet financial obligations and paying debts

支払能力のある, 流動性のある

支払能力のある, 流動性のある

Ex: Innovations in product development have been a driving force in keeping the tech company solvent.製品開発における革新は、そのテクノロジー企業を**支払能力のある**状態に保つ原動力となってきた。
usury
[名詞]

the practice of lending money at excessively high interest rates, considered unethical or illegal

高利貸し, 法外な金利での金貸し

高利貸し, 法外な金利での金貸し

Ex: Traditional moneylenders in rural areas often engage in usury, taking advantage of people 's lack of knowledge .中世の法律は商人の間での**高利貸し**を厳しく禁止していた。
to ante up
[動詞]

to contribute or pay the required amount in order to settle and clear a debt

自分の分を支払う, お金を出す

自分の分を支払う, お金を出す

Ex: Creditors may offer flexible repayment plans to help debtors ante up gradually .債権者は、債務者が**徐々に支払う**のを助けるために柔軟な返済計画を提供する場合があります。
to indemnify
[動詞]

to repay someone for financial loss, damage, etc. that they have experienced

補償する, 賠償する

補償する, 賠償する

Ex: The rental agreement required the tenant to indemnify the landlord for damages caused to the property beyond normal wear and tear .賃貸契約では、通常の摩耗を超えて物件に与えられた損害について、テナントが大家に**賠償**することを要求していました。
to pony up
[動詞]

to pay money owed, such as a bill, debt, or required contribution

支払う, 金を出す

支払う, 金を出す

Ex: If you want premium access , you 'll have to pony up.プレミアムアクセスを希望する場合は、**金を払わなければならない**。
indigent
[形容詞]

extremely poor or in need

貧しい, 困窮した

貧しい, 困窮した

Ex: The nonprofit organization aimed to provide support and resources for the indigent community.非営利団体は、**貧困**なコミュニティに支援と資源を提供することを目指しました。
perquisite
[名詞]

a privilege reserved solely for a specific person or group by virtue of hereditary status, official rank, or institutional authority

特権, 特典

特権, 特典

Ex: Tenure as a university professor often comes with perquisites like sabbaticals and access to research funding .王冠の宝石は、在位中の君主だけの**特権**でした。
privation
[名詞]

a condition of severe hardship or poverty

欠乏, 貧困

欠乏, 貧困

to take advantage of a position to make oneself rich, particularly by using unfair or dishonest methods

Ex: The corrupt politician was constantly feathering his own nest by accepting bribes and kickbacks.

to lessen the amount of money or resources one uses compared to before, particularly due to having less available

Ex: With a new baby on the way, they’ve had to tighten their belts and adjust their budget.
windfall
[名詞]

an unexpected event that brings financial gain or good fortune

予期せぬ利益, 思いがけない幸運

予期せぬ利益, 思いがけない幸運

Ex: The bonus was a welcome windfall before the holidays .ボーナスは休暇前の歓迎すべき**思いがけない収入**でした。
blue chip
[名詞]

a blue-colored poker chip representing the highest monetary value in a standard set

青いチップ, 高額チップ

青いチップ, 高額チップ

Ex: A pile of blue chips sat in front of the high roller .ハイローラーの前に**ブルーチップ**の山があった。
destitution
[名詞]

a state where basic human needs cannot be met due to a lack of resources and access to necessities

貧困, 窮乏

貧困, 窮乏

Ex: The refugees were forced to flee their homes and left in a state of destitution, relying on aid from charities to survive .難民は家を追われ、**貧困**状態に置かれ、生き延びるために慈善団体の援助に頼らざるを得なかった。

money awarded to someone who has been harmed, to cover their actual losses or injuries

補償的損害賠償, 補償的損害金

補償的損害賠償, 補償的損害金

Ex: Compensatory damages are meant to restore the victim to their original financial position .**補償的損害賠償**は、被害者を元の財政状態に回復させることを目的としています。

to earn enough money to be able to pay for the necessities of life

Ex: Sarah is out there, bringing home the bacon by excelling in her career.
gratuity
[名詞]

an additional amount of money given to someone for their services

チップ, 謝礼

チップ, 謝礼

Ex: The chauffeur provided excellent service , so we gave him a gratuity in appreciation for his professionalism .運転手は素晴らしいサービスを提供してくれたので、私たちは彼のプロフェッショナリズムに感謝して**チップ**を渡しました。
largess
[名詞]

a sum of money or gift given freely, often as a token of generosity

寛大さ, 贈り物

寛大さ, 贈り物

Ex: The charity relied on the largess of its supporters .その慈善団体は支援者の**寛大さ**に頼っていた。
pecuniary
[形容詞]

involving or about money

金銭的な, 財政的な

金銭的な, 財政的な

Ex: The pecuniary rewards for the successful completion of the project were substantial .プロジェクトの成功完了に対する**金銭的**報酬はかなりのものでした。

to financially support a project, activity, etc. and take responsibility for potential loss

資金を提供する, 保証する

資金を提供する, 保証する

Ex: The investment firm is currently underwriting a public offering for a tech company .その投資会社は現在、テクノロジー企業の公募を**引受**しています。
spendthrift
[名詞]

an individual who is in the habit of spending money in a careless and wasteful way

浪費家, 放蕩者

浪費家, 放蕩者

Ex: He tried to change his spendthrift ways , but old habits were hard to break .彼は**浪費家**の習慣を変えようとしたが、古い習慣は断ち切るのが難しかった。

a possession that is costly to maintain and difficult to dispose of, often more trouble than it is worth

白象, 毒入りの贈り物

白象, 毒入りの贈り物

Ex: The new software system , despite its promising features , proved to be a white elephant for the company due to constant glitches and compatibility issues .その豪華ヨットは結局**白象**であり、彼らの財政を枯渇させた。
pittance
[名詞]

a sum of money that is very insufficient

わずかな金額, 十分でない金額

わずかな金額, 十分でない金額

Ex: They offered him a pittance for the artwork , far less than its true value .彼らはその芸術作品に対して**わずかな金額**を提示し、それは真の価値よりもはるかに少なかった。
to tally up
[動詞]

to count numbers or amounts to get a total

合計する, 数える

合計する, 数える

Ex: Before closing, the cashier tallied up the day's sales.閉店前に、レジ係はその日の売上を**集計した**。
ケンブリッジ英語: CPE (C2 熟練度)
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