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Politika - Awtoritaryanismo at Kaguluhan sa Politika

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centralism
centralism
[Pangngalan]

a political system that invests all the power and authority on a single prominent organization

sentralismo, pagkakaisa

sentralismo, pagkakaisa

Ex: Critics argue that centralism undermines regional autonomy and local governance. 

Sinasabi ng mga kritiko na ang centralism ay nagpapahina sa rehiyonal na awtonomiya at lokal na pamamahala.

centralist
centralist
[pang-uri]

someone who supports the concentration of power and authority in a central government

sentralista, tagapagtaguyod ng sentralisasyon

sentralista, tagapagtaguyod ng sentralisasyon

Ex: During the debate, centralists emphasized uniform policies across the country. 

Sa panahon ng debate, binigyang-diin ng mga centralist ang pare-parehong mga patakaran sa buong bansa.

oligarchy
oligarchy
[Pangngalan]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

oligarkiya, pamumuno ng isang maliit na grupo

oligarkiya, pamumuno ng isang maliit na grupo

Ex: An oligarchy is a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of individuals or families. 

Ang oligarkiya ay isang anyo ng pamahalaan kung saan ang kapangyarihan ay nakapokus sa isang maliit na grupo ng mga indibidwal o pamilya.

absolutism
absolutism
[Pangngalan]

the principle or system of unlimited and unchecked governmental power

absolutismo, despotismo

absolutismo, despotismo

Ex: The monarch ruled under the doctrine of political absolutism. 

Ang monarka ay namahala sa ilalim ng doktrina ng absolutismo pampolitika.

despot
despot
[Pangngalan]

a cruel ruler with absolute power

despota, malupit na pinuno

despota, malupit na pinuno

Ex: Citizens lived in fear under the despot’s regime, knowing that disobedience would be harshly punished. 

Ang mga mamamayan ay nabuhay sa takot sa ilalim ng rehimen ng despota, na alam na ang pagsuway ay mahigpit na parurusahan.

dictator
dictator
[Pangngalan]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

diktador, tiraniya

diktador, tiraniya

Ex: The dictator imposed strict censorship laws to suppress any opposition to his regime. 
dictatorship
dictatorship
[Pangngalan]

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

diktadura, pamumunong diktatoryal

diktadura, pamumunong diktatoryal

Ex: Under the dictatorship, citizens had no freedom of speech or assembly. 

Sa ilalim ng diktadura, ang mga mamamayan ay walang kalayaan sa pagsasalita o pagtitipon.

tyrant
tyrant
[Pangngalan]

a ruler or leader who has absolute power and uses it in a cruel and oppressive way, without any regard for the rights or well-being of others

tiraniya, despota

tiraniya, despota

Ex: The people rose up against the tyrant who had ruled with an iron fist for decades. 

Ang mga tao ay nag-alsa laban sa tiraniya na naghahari nang may bakal na kamao sa loob ng mga dekada.

fascism
fascism
[Pangngalan]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

pasismo

pasismo

Ex: Fascism rose to prominence in Europe during the early 20th century, leading to the establishment of totalitarian regimes. 

Ang pasismo ay umangat sa Europa noong unang bahagi ng ika-20 siglo, na nagdulot ng pagtatatag ng mga totalitaryanong rehimen.

fascist
fascist
[Pangngalan]

a person who supports authoritarian or dictatorial political ideas

pasista, tagapagtaguyod ng pasismo

pasista, tagapagtaguyod ng pasismo

Ex: The fascist promoted strict government control over society. 

Ang pasista ay nagtaguyod ng mahigpit na kontrol ng gobyerno sa lipunan.

militarism
militarism
[Pangngalan]

the belief that a country must have a strong military force in order to seem more powerful

militarismo

militarismo

Ex: Militarism is a political and social ideology that emphasizes the importance of military power and the maintenance of a strong, aggressive defense force. 

Ang militarismo ay isang pampulitika at panlipunang ideolohiya na nagbibigay-diin sa kahalagahan ng kapangyarihang militar at pagpapanatili ng isang malakas, agresibong puwersa ng depensa.

militarist
militarist
[Pangngalan]

a person who supports using military force or warlike policies

militarista, tagapagtaguyod ng patakarang pandigma

militarista, tagapagtaguyod ng patakarang pandigma

Ex: The militarist argued for expanding the nation's armed forces. 

Ang militarista ay nagtalo para sa pagpapalawak ng mga sandatahang lakas ng bansa.

militaristic
militaristic
[pang-uri]

favoring or emphasizing military power and aggressive policies

militaristiko, mapang-away

militaristiko, mapang-away

Ex: The country adopted a militaristic approach to international disputes. 

Ang bansa ay nagpatibay ng militaristiko na paraan sa mga hidwaang pandaigdig.

coup
coup
[Pangngalan]

a sudden illegal seizure of government power, often involving military force

kudeta,  pagtatangkang pagbabagsak sa pamahalaan

kudeta, pagtatangkang pagbabagsak sa pamahalaan

Ex: The military launched a coup and seized control of the government. 
to exile
to exile
[Pandiwa]

to force someone to leave their home or country and live elsewhere

ipatapon, ilayas

ipatapon, ilayas

Ex: The government exiled the opposition leader after the uprising. 
dissidence
dissidence
[Pangngalan]

the action or process of disagreeing or disobeying established authority or doctrine

pagsalungat, hindi pagsang-ayon

pagsalungat, hindi pagsang-ayon

Ex: Her writings expressing dissidence against institutionalized racism and sexism challenged mainstream views of the era. 

Ang kanyang mga sulatin na nagpapahayag ng pagtutol laban sa institusyonalisadong rasismo at seksismo ay humamon sa mga pangunahing pananaw ng panahon.

dissident
dissident
[Pangngalan]

someone who declares opposition to the government of one's country, knowing there is punishment for doing so

dissident, tumututol

dissident, tumututol

Ex: Andrei Sakharov was a prominent Soviet physicist who became a dissident due to his campaigns for political and civil rights. 

Si Andrei Sakharov ay isang kilalang Soviet physicist na naging dissident dahil sa kanyang mga kampanya para sa mga karapatang pampulitika at sibil.

unrest
unrest
[Pangngalan]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

kaguluhan, pagkabalisa

kaguluhan, pagkabalisa

Ex: The government’s decision sparked widespread unrest across the country. 

Ang desisyon ng pamahalaan ay nagdulot ng malawakang kaguluhan sa buong bansa.

uprising
uprising
[Pangngalan]

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

pag-aalsa, himagsikan

pag-aalsa, himagsikan

Ex: The peasant uprising was brutally crushed by the king's army. 

Ang pag-aalsa ng mga magsasaka ay malupit na pinigilan ng hukbo ng hari.

revolution
revolution
[Pangngalan]

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

rebolusyon

rebolusyon

Ex: The revolution resulted in significant political and social reforms across the nation. 
revolutionary
revolutionary
[Pangngalan]

a person who supports, advocates, or takes part in a political or social revolution

rebolusyonaryo,  manghihimagsik

rebolusyonaryo, manghihimagsik

Ex: The revolutionary was arrested after the uprising failed. 
revisionist
revisionist
[Pangngalan]

a Communist who alters Marxist theory to support a less revolutionary approach

rebisyonista, repormista

rebisyonista, repormista

Ex: The revisionist argued for gradual reforms instead of immediate revolution. 

Ang rebisyonista ay nagtalo para sa unti-unting reporma sa halip na agarang rebolusyon.

reactionary
reactionary
[pang-uri]

strongly against any political or social changes or any new ideas

reaksyonaryo, konserbatibo

reaksyonaryo, konserbatibo

Ex: His reactionary views made him oppose all modern reforms. 

Ang kanyang reaksyonaryo na pananaw ang nagtulak sa kanya upang tutulan ang lahat ng modernong reporma.

revolt
revolt
[Pangngalan]

a rebellion or uprising, often involving violence, by a group of people against an authority or ruling power

pag-aalsa, rebelasyon

pag-aalsa, rebelasyon

Ex: The revolt against the oppressive regime lasted for months. 

Ang pag-aalsa laban sa mapang-aping rehimen ay tumagal ng mga buwan.

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