pattern

Bokabularyo para sa IELTS General (Score 6-7) - Pang-ugnay na Pang-abay

Dito, matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles na may kaugnayan sa mga Pang-ugnay na Pang-abay na kinakailangan para sa pagsusulit na General Training IELTS.

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Vocabulary for General Training IELTS (6-7)
nevertheless
[pang-abay]

used to introduce an opposing statement

gayunpaman, subalit

gayunpaman, subalit

Ex: The path was forbidden ; they walked it nevertheless.Ang landas ay ipinagbawal; nilakad nila ito **gayunpaman**.
however
[pang-abay]

used to add a statement that contradicts what was just mentioned

gayunpaman, subalit

gayunpaman, subalit

Ex: They were told the product was expensive ; however, it turned out to be quite affordable .Sinabi sa kanila na ang produkto ay mahal; **gayunpaman**, ito ay naging medyo abot-kaya.
nonetheless
[pang-abay]

used to indicate that despite a previous statement or situation, something else remains true

gayunpaman, subalit

gayunpaman, subalit

Ex: His apology seemed insincere ; she accepted it nonetheless.Ang kanyang paghingi ng tawad ay tila hindi tapat; tinanggap pa rin niya ito **gayunpaman**.
otherwise
[pang-abay]

used to refer to the outcome of a situation if the circumstances were different

kung hindi, kung hindi man

kung hindi, kung hindi man

Ex: Make sure to water the plants regularly , otherwise they may wilt .Siguraduhing diligin ang mga halaman nang regular, **kung hindi** baka malanta ang mga ito.
consequently
[pang-abay]

used to indicate a logical result or effect

dahil dito,  kaya

dahil dito, kaya

Ex: The company invested heavily in research and development , and consequently, they launched innovative products that captured a wider market share .Malaki ang ininvest ng kumpanya sa research and development, at **bilang resulta**, naglunsad sila ng mga makabagong produkto na nakakuha ng mas malaking bahagi ng merkado.
hence
[pang-abay]

used to say that one thing is a result of another

kaya, samakatuwid

kaya, samakatuwid

Ex: The company invested in employee training programs ; hence, the overall performance and efficiency improved .Ang kumpanya ay namuhunan sa mga programa ng pagsasanay ng empleyado; **kaya naman**, ang pangkalahatang pagganap at kahusayan ay bumuti.
thus
[pang-abay]

used to introduce a result based on the information or actions that came before

kaya, samakatuwid

kaya, samakatuwid

Ex: The new software significantly improved efficiency ; thus, the company experienced a notable increase in productivity .Ang bagong software ay makabuluhang nagpabuti sa kahusayan; **kaya**, ang kumpanya ay nakaranas ng kapansin-pansing pagtaas sa produktibidad.
likewise
[pang-abay]

used when introducing additional information to a statement that has just been made

gayundin, katulad nito

gayundin, katulad nito

Ex: He was concerned about the budget , and the investors likewise had financial worries .Nag-aalala siya tungkol sa badyet, at ang mga investor **ay gayundin** ay may mga alalahanin sa pananalapi.
meanwhile
[pang-abay]

at the same time but often somewhere else

samantala, habang

samantala, habang

Ex: She was at the grocery store , and meanwhile, I was waiting at home for her call .Nasa grocery store siya, at **samantala**, naghihintay ako sa bahay para sa kanyang tawag.
in contrast
[pang-abay]

used to highlight the differences between two or more things or people

sa kaibahan, kabaligtaran

sa kaibahan, kabaligtaran

Ex: The two siblings have very different personalities — Tom is outgoing and sociable , while his sister Emily is shy and reserved , by contrast .Ang dalawang magkapatid ay may napakaibang personalidad—si Tom ay palakaibigan at masayahin, habang ang kanyang kapatid na si Emily ay mahiyain at tahimik, **sa kabaligtaran**.
in the meantime
[pang-abay]

during the period of time while something else is happening or before a particular event occurs

samantala, habang panahon

samantala, habang panahon

Ex: The doctor is examining another patient .In the meantime , you can relax in the waiting room .Ang doktor ay nagsusuri ng isa pang pasyente. **Samantala**, maaari kang magpahinga sa waiting room.

used to introduce a contrasting aspect of a situation, especially when comparing it to a previous point

sa kabilang banda, sa ibang panig

sa kabilang banda, sa ibang panig

Ex: The plan could save money .On the other hand , it might risk quality .Ang plano ay maaaring makatipid ng pera. **Sa kabilang banda**, maaari itong magdulot ng panganib sa kalidad.
in comparison
[pang-abay]

used to highlight differences or similarities when comparing two or more things or people

sa paghahambing, kung ihahambing

sa paghahambing, kung ihahambing

Ex: She has a much more relaxed approach to work when compared with her colleagues , in comparison .Mas relaxado ang kanyang approach sa trabaho kumpara sa kanyang mga kasamahan, **sa paghahambing**.
in conclusion
[pang-abay]

used to signal the end of a discussion or presentation by summarizing the main points

sa konklusyon, bilang pagtatapos

sa konklusyon, bilang pagtatapos

Ex: Throughout this essay , we have explored the historical context of the conflict ; in conclusion, understanding these historical factors is crucial for finding a sustainable resolution .Sa buong sanaysay na ito, ating tinalakay ang makasaysayang konteksto ng hidwaan; **sa konklusyon**, ang pag-unawa sa mga makasaysayang salik na ito ay mahalaga para sa paghahanap ng isang napapanatiling resolusyon.
in summary
[pang-abay]

used to provide a brief and straightforward explanation of the main points or ideas

sa buod, para ibuod

sa buod, para ibuod

Ex: In summary, the workshop provided participants with practical tools and strategies for effective communication .**Sa buod**, ang workshop ay nagbigay sa mga kalahok ng praktikal na mga kasangkapan at estratehiya para sa epektibong komunikasyon.
on the contrary
[pang-abay]

used to indicate that the opposite or a different viewpoint is true in response to a previous statement

kabaligtaran, sa kabilang banda

kabaligtaran, sa kabilang banda

Ex: Some people believe that working longer hours leads to greater productivity .On the contrary, studies have shown that excessive work hours can lead to burnout and decreased efficiency .Ang ilang mga tao ay naniniwala na ang mas mahabang oras ng pagtatrabaho ay humahantong sa mas malaking produktibidad. **Sa kabaligtaran**, ang mga pag-aaral ay nagpakita na ang labis na oras ng pagtatrabaho ay maaaring humantong sa burnout at pagbaba ng kahusayan.
conversely
[pang-abay]

in a way that is different from what has been mentioned

kabaligtaran, sa kabilang banda

kabaligtaran, sa kabilang banda

Ex: The new policy benefits larger companies ; conversely, smaller firms may struggle .Ang bagong patakaran ay nakikinabang sa mas malalaking kumpanya; **sa kabaligtaran**, ang mas maliliit na firm ay maaaring mahirapan.
afterward
[pang-abay]

in the time following a specific action, moment, or event

pagkatapos, sa huli

pagkatapos, sa huli

Ex: She did n't plan to attend the workshop , but afterward, she realized how valuable it was .Hindi niya plano na dumalo sa workshop, ngunit **pagkatapos**, napagtanto niya kung gaano ito kahalaga.
namely
[pang-abay]

used to give more specific information or examples regarding what has just been mentioned

lalo na, ibig sabihin

lalo na, ibig sabihin

Ex: The festival featured a variety of events , namely concerts , workshops , and art exhibitions .Ang festival ay nagtatampok ng iba't ibang mga kaganapan, **lalo na** ang mga konsiyerto, workshop, at eksibisyon ng sining.
Bokabularyo para sa IELTS General (Score 6-7)
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