Cambridge IELTS 19 - Académique - Test 4 - Lecture - Passage 1 (3)

to impose limits or regulations on someone or something, typically to control or reduce its scope or extent

to come out from a protective covering, like an egg or cocoon

in a manner that causes concern or unease

related to or involving only one certain thing

the natural environment in which a particular animal, plant, or other organism normally lives or grows

to be linked or connected in a cause-and-effect relationship

the types of food or drink that people or animals usually consume

to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern

(of an animal, plant, etc.) being at risk of extinction

land covered with many trees, especially an area smaller or less dense than a typical forest

a hard gray or white rock that contains calcium and is used for making cement or as a building material

the hard surface of a road, usually made of asphalt or concrete

existing alone without any others of the same kind

used to say that there is no doubt something is true or is the case

being the only person or thing of a particular type

an event, thing, or person that gives rise to something

to actively influence or impact a situation, event, or outcome

the effort contributed by a person in bringing about a result

a sudden decline in strength or number or importance

the ability or power to achieve something or develop into a certain state in the future

situated on or limited to the mainland of a continent rather than nearby islands or territories

to a degree or extent that is enough

used to suggest a logical conclusion based on the information or reasoning provided

to change from one thing, such as a task, major, conversation topic, job, etc. to a completely different one

added or extra to what is already present or available

in a manner expressing the capability or likelihood of something happening or developing in the future

to notice or see someone or something that is hard to do so

prone to danger or harm

used to indicate a clear difference or superiority

wanted or desired by many people and therefore in high demand

important or great enough to be noticed or have an impact

large in quantity, extent, or degree

with no one or nothing else involved

a climbing plant with fragrant flowers that are pink, white, or yellow in color

as a result of a specific cause or reason

at the current moment or during the existing time

an animal that hunts, kills, and eats other animals

any living thing that is able to move on its own, such as an animal, fish, etc.

to cause something to change

lower than usual or expected in amount or quantity

the total amount of time that an organism, person, or object is alive or able to function

in a way that is easily understood or audible

the process by which organisms evolve traits that improve their chances of survival and reproduction in a particular environment

done or pursued for pleasure rather than as a profession or for payment

a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind)

to be seen or arrive at a particular place

to take up, cover, or use the entire space or extent of something

to modify or design an organ or part of something to serve a specific purpose or function

(of trees or shrubs) regularly cut back to the ground to encourage new growth

used to say that there is still hope or a chance to succeed, even if things seem difficult or uncertain

to use pressure, manipulation, or other means to obtain what is desired

something that shows there may be danger, trouble, or a problem ahead