ケンブリッジIELTS 15 - アカデミック - テスト4 - リスニング - パート4

a device or control that is very useful for a particular job

in a short amount of time

a thing that is essential or required for basic living or functioning

extremely difficult or impossible to conceive or visualize

a scheduled period of teaching, instruction, or learning activities conducted within a defined timeframe

to a degree that is higher than usual

to consider or evaluate something from a particular perspective or point of view

not unusual or different in any way

to be the setting or time of an event

an observable fact, event, or situation, often unusual or not yet fully explained

the idea or belief that personal well-being and happiness depend on the purchase of material goods

items made or produced for sale

the amount of something or the whole number of things in a group

the grade, level, or standard of something's excellence measured against other things

(usually plural) anything that a person has or owns at a specific time

something that is a sign of another thing

the action or process of making something better

to cause something to happen

to change the appearance, character, or nature of a person or object

the process of making or producing goods, especially in large quantities, typically using machinery or labor

a machine that uses steam made from boiling water to produce power and make parts move

to the smallest amount or degree

to serve as a distinguishing quality or characteristic of someone or something

a mill powered by a water wheel

a large, tall building with long blades, called sails, that uses wind power to make flour out of grain or pump water

to be more numerous, powerful, or significant than everything else around it

any type of knitted, felted or woven cloth

cloth that is made by weaving cotton yarn, silk, etc., which is used in making clothes

a delicate cotton or silky cloth made by weaving or knitting threads in an open web-like pattern

a thin band of fabric tied in a bowknot around something as an ornament

a building or room in which particular goods are made or fixed by different means

extremely large in physical dimensions

the size, amount, or degree of one thing compared with another

to make someone behave a certain way or do a particular action, even if they do not want to

to move from a country or region in search of a better job or living conditions

a system or method for carrying people or goods from a place to another by trains, cars, etc.

an increase in the amount, degree, importance, or size of something

pulled or powered by a horse or horses

a large, horse-drawn carriage used to carry passengers over long distances, often between towns

a simple, two-wheeled vehicle typically drawn by a horse or other animal, used for transporting goods and people

indicating a large number of something

a long and artificial passage built and filled with water for ships to travel along or used to transfer water to other places

to apply asphalt, concrete, gravel, or another material to the top of a road, path, or other ground area

in small amounts over a long period of time

no longer done, followed, or needed by people, often because something is old, broken, or replaced by something better

a track with rails along which trains run

to a noticeable or considerable extent

having a lot of information or expertise in a particular subject or field

the process of supplying shops and other businesses with products to be sold

(of a system or machine) achieving maximum productivity without wasting much time, effort, or money

the activities involved in selling commodities directly to consumers

to experience and be affected by something bad or unpleasant

to gather in a group

a large store, divided into several parts, each selling different types of goods

a person who starts a business, especially one who takes financial risks

to provide with a supply of something, such as goods or inventory, for use or sale

to interest and draw someone or something toward oneself through specific features or qualities

the use of various equipment and techniques to illuminate the subjects and environment in a way that enhances the mood, atmosphere, and visual style of the photo or film

capability of providing a clear unobstructed view

a thick high quality sheet of glass used for windows of shops or doors

to encourage the public to buy a product or use a service

a rapid, unexpected, and considerable rise in something

the objects such as spoons, forks, and knives that are used for serving or eating food