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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Akademicki - Test 4 - Czytanie - Fragment 3 (3)

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
autonomy
autonomy
[Rzeczownik]

the capacity to act independently and make decisions without undue influence

autonomia, niezależność

autonomia, niezależność

Ex: She sought autonomy in organizing her daily routine. 
whenever
whenever
[przysłówek]

at any time something happens

kiedykolwiek, za każdym razem

kiedykolwiek, za każdym razem

Ex: I try to eat healthy whenever possible. 
to break down
to break down
[Czasownik]

(of a relationship, negotiation, etc.) to fail to function properly

załamać się, zawieść

załamać się, zawieść

Ex: The negotiations broke down after hours of intense debate. 
custody
custody
[Rzeczownik]

the legal right or responsibility to care for and make decisions regarding a child, especially after a divorce or separation

opieka, kuratela

opieka, kuratela

Ex: The court awarded full custody to the mother. 
right
right
[Rzeczownik]

a thing that someone is legally, officially, or morally allowed to do or have

prawo, przywilej

prawo, przywilej

Ex: Everyone has the right to free speech. 
over
over
[Przyimek]

used to express having power or influence in relation to something or someone

nad, ponad

nad, ponad

Ex: He had complete control over the budget. 
normal
normal
[przymiotnik]

conforming to a standard or expected condition

normalny, zwyczajny

normalny, zwyczajny

Ex: It's normal to feel nervous before a big presentation. 
growth
growth
[Rzeczownik]

an increase in the amount, degree, importance, or size of something

wzrost, ekspansja

wzrost, ekspansja

Ex: The growth of the economy has been impressive this year. 
agriculture
agriculture
[Rzeczownik]

the practice and study of growing crops and raising animals for food or other products

rolnictwo, agronomia

rolnictwo, agronomia

Ex: Agriculture provides food for people around the world. 
settled
settled
[przymiotnik]

fixed in a desired state or location, often implying a sense of permanence or stability

ustalony, osiadły

ustalony, osiadły

Ex: After years of travel, he felt settled in his quaint cottage by the lake. 
in view of
in view of
[Przyimek]

considering a particular fact or circumstance

biorąc pod uwagę, w związku z

biorąc pod uwagę, w związku z

Ex: In view of the recent economic downturn, the company decided to postpone its expansion plans. 
to assume
to assume
[Czasownik]

to think that something is true without having proof or evidence

zakładać, przypuszczać

zakładać, przypuszczać

Ex: She often assumes that everyone agrees with her perspective. 
domination
domination
[Rzeczownik]

the power or influence that one has over other things or people

dominacja, panowanie

dominacja, panowanie

evolution
evolution
[Rzeczownik]

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

ewolucja

ewolucja

Ex: Evolution is the process by which species change over time in response to environmental pressures. 
selfishly
selfishly
[przysłówek]

in a way that shows concern only for oneself, often disregarding the needs or feelings of others

samolubnie

samolubnie

Ex: He selfishly kept all the credit for the team's success. 
ruthlessly
ruthlessly
[przysłówek]

in a way that shows no pity, compassion, or mercy

bezlitośnie, okrutnie

bezlitośnie, okrutnie

Ex: The dictator ruled ruthlessly, crushing all opposition. 
likely
likely
[przymiotnik]

having a possibility of happening or being the case

prawdopodobny, możliwy

prawdopodobny, możliwy

Ex: The doctor believes it's likely that the patient will make a full recovery with proper treatment. 
cooperation
cooperation
[Rzeczownik]

the act of working together toward a common goal

współpraca,  kooperacja

współpraca, kooperacja

Ex: The project's success depended on the cooperation between engineers and designers. 
altruism
altruism
[Rzeczownik]

the selfless concern for the well-being of others, often demonstrated through acts of kindness, compassion, and generosity

altruizm, bezinteresowność

altruizm, bezinteresowność

Ex: Donating money to charity to support those in need without expecting anything in return is an example of altruism. 
peacefulness
peacefulness
[Rzeczownik]

a state that is calm and tranquil

spokój, cisza

spokój, cisza

characteristic
characteristic
[Rzeczownik]

a notable feature or quality that defines or describes something

cecha, charakterystyka

cecha, charakterystyka

Ex: Her kindness is a characteristic everyone notices. 
presumably
presumably
[przysłówek]

used to say that the something is believed to be true based on available information or evidence

prawdopodobnie, domyślnie

prawdopodobnie, domyślnie

Ex: She left the office early, presumably to attend a family event. 
repeatedly
repeatedly
[przysłówek]

in a manner that occurs multiple times

wielokrotnie, powtarzalnie

wielokrotnie, powtarzalnie

Ex: She asked the question repeatedly. 
natural habitat
natural habitat
[Rzeczownik]

the environment where a plant or animal species normally lives and grows, with the conditions that suit its needs

naturalne środowisko, środowisko naturalne

naturalne środowisko, środowisko naturalne

Ex: The panda's natural habitat is the mountain forests of central China. 
primate
primate
[Rzeczownik]

any mammalian animal that belongs to the same group as humans, such as monkeys, apes, lemurs, etc.

prymat, małpa

prymat, małpa

ape
ape
[Rzeczownik]

a tailless animal similar to a monkey, such as chimpanzees and gorillas

małpa, małpa człekokształtna

małpa, małpa człekokształtna

Ex: The zoo has a new exhibit featuring various species of apes, including chimpanzees and gorillas. 
gorilla
gorilla
[Rzeczownik]

an African ape which has a large head and short neck that looks like a monkey with no tail

goryl

goryl

Ex: The gorilla sat calmly, observing its surroundings with a wise expression in its eyes. 
to disrupt
to disrupt
[Czasownik]

to cause disorder or disturbance in something that was previously orderly or calm

zakłócać, przerywać

zakłócać, przerywać

Ex: The loud noise from the construction site disrupted their afternoon nap. 
to tend
to tend
[Czasownik]

to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern

mieć tendencję, skłaniać się

mieć tendencję, skłaniać się

Ex: Some plants tend to thrive in direct sunlight, while others prefer shade. 
hierarchical
hierarchical
[przymiotnik]

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

hierarchiczny

hierarchiczny

Ex: The hierarchical structure of the organization ensures clear lines of authority and responsibility. 
advent
advent
[Rzeczownik]

the arrival of a significant event, person, or thing that has been eagerly anticipated

nadejście, pojawienie się

nadejście, pojawienie się

Ex: The advent of the internet revolutionized how we communicate and access information. 
sense
sense
[Rzeczownik]

an overall, conscious recognition or understanding of a situation, feeling, or environment

zmysł, uczucie

zmysł, uczucie

Ex: She had the sense of being a political outsider. 
individuality
individuality
[Rzeczownik]

the state of being distinct and unique, separate from others in characteristics or expression

indywidualność

indywidualność

Ex: His bold artistic style showcases his individuality and sets him apart from others. 
separateness
separateness
[Rzeczownik]

the quality of being not alike; being distinct or different from that otherwise experienced or known

oddzielność,  różnica

oddzielność, różnica

ultimately
ultimately
[przysłówek]

after doing or considering everything

ostatecznie, w końcu

ostatecznie, w końcu

Ex: After considering various options, they ultimately chose the most cost-effective solution for the project. 
patriarchy
patriarchy
[Rzeczownik]

a broader social or political system in which men hold primary power and women are largely excluded from leadership, decision-making, or influence

patriarchat, system patriarchalny

patriarchat, system patriarchalny

Ex: The corporate world has historically been dominated by patriarchy. 
at any rate
at any rate
[przysłówek]

used to indicate that a statement explains or supports a previous statement

w każdym razie, tak czy inaczej

w każdym razie, tak czy inaczej

feasible
feasible
[przymiotnik]

having the potential of being done successfully

wykonalny, możliwy do zrealizowania

wykonalny, możliwy do zrealizowania

Ex: The project manager determined that the proposed plan was feasible given the available resources and timeline. 
adaptive
adaptive
[przymiotnik]

having a capacity for adaptation

adaptacyjny,  przystosowawczy

adaptacyjny, przystosowawczy

term
term
[Rzeczownik]

a single word or group of words used to name or define something

termin, słowo

termin, słowo

Ex: The term "photosynthesis" refers to a biological process. 
well
well
[przysłówek]

quite likely to happen or be true

bardzo prawdopodobne, dobrze

bardzo prawdopodobne, dobrze

Ex: The situation could well get worse before it improves. 
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