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Cambridge IELTS 16 - Akademicki - Test 4 - Czytanie - Fragment 3

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Cambridge IELTS 16 - Academic
divergence
divergence
[Rzeczownik]

a difference in interests, views, opinions, etc.

rozbieżność

rozbieżność

Ex: The political candidates showed a clear divergence in their views on healthcare. 
faith
faith
[Rzeczownik]

complete confidence in a person or plan etc

wiara, zaufanie

wiara, zaufanie

superiority
superiority
[Rzeczownik]

the quality of being superior

wyższość

wyższość

projection
projection
[Rzeczownik]

an estimate or prediction based on past observations or data

projekcja, prognoza

projekcja, prognoza

Ex: The weather projection for tomorrow indicates rain. 
distrust
distrust
[Rzeczownik]

a lack of belief or confidence in the truth or honesty of something or someone

nieufność, podejrzliwość

nieufność, podejrzliwość

Ex: His distrust of the information led him to seek other sources. 
openness
openness
[Rzeczownik]

characterized by an attitude of ready accessibility (especially about one's actions or purposes); without concealment; not secretive

otwartość, przejrzystość

otwartość, przejrzystość

stroke
stroke
[Rzeczownik]

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

udar, wylew

udar, wylew

Ex: A stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain either becomes blocked (ischemic stroke) or bursts (hemorrhagic stroke). 
imagination
imagination
[Rzeczownik]

the ability to form mental images of things or events

wyobraźnia

wyobraźnia

to forecast
to forecast
[Czasownik]

to predict future events, based on analysis of present data and conditions

przewidywać, prognozować

przewidywać, prognozować

Ex: Economists forecast a downturn in the stock market due to recent economic indicators. 
reluctant
reluctant
[przymiotnik]

not welcoming or willing to do something because it is undesirable

niechętny, oporny

niechętny, oporny

Ex: Despite his love for adventure, he was reluctant to try bungee jumping because of his fear of heights. 
oncology
oncology
[Rzeczownik]

a branch of medical science that specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer

onkologia

onkologia

Ex: Oncology is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer. 
giant
giant
[Rzeczownik]

a business or organization that is exceptionally large and influential in its field

gigant, firma gigant

gigant, firma gigant

Ex: The tech giant announced its new innovative product line at the annual conference. 
public relations
public relations
[Rzeczownik]

the process of presenting a favorable public image of a person, firm, or institution

public relations

public relations

Ex: The company's public relations team worked tirelessly to manage the fallout from the recent scandal. 
to deliver
to deliver
[Czasownik]

to provide or supply something that was expected or promised

dostarczać, dostarczyć

dostarczać, dostarczyć

Ex: They promise to deliver excellent customer service. 
to account for
to account for
[Czasownik]

to represent a specific amount or portion of a whole

stanowić, reprezentować

stanowić, reprezentować

Ex: In our team, experienced professionals account for the majority of the workforce. 
to interact
to interact
[Czasownik]

to communicate with others, particularly while spending time with them

współdziałać, komunikować się

współdziałać, komunikować się

Ex: In the workshop, participants were encouraged to interact with each other to foster collaboration. 
on the one hand
on the one hand
[przysłówek]

used to introduce one aspect of a situation, often followed by a contrasting statement

z jednej strony, po pierwsze

z jednej strony, po pierwsze

Ex: On the one hand, the new policy promotes efficiency, but on the other hand, it may reduce employee morale. 
guidance
guidance
[Rzeczownik]

help and advice about how to solve a problem, given by someone who is knowledgeable and experienced

przewodnictwo,  doradztwo

przewodnictwo, doradztwo

Ex: The mentor provided invaluable guidance to the new employee, helping them navigate the intricacies of the job. 
to coincide
to coincide
[Czasownik]

to be of the same or similar nature

pokrywać się, zbiegać się

pokrywać się, zbiegać się

Ex: Their interests in art and music coincide in many ways. 
on the other (hand|)
on the other (hand)
[przysłówek]

used to introduce a contrasting aspect of a situation, especially when comparing it to a previous point

z drugiej strony, natomiast

z drugiej strony, natomiast

Ex: The job pays well; on the other hand, the hours are extremely long. 
to generate
to generate
[Czasownik]

to create a new set of data by using a mathematical or logical process to transform an existing set of data

generować

generować

Ex: The computer program generates random numbers to simulate various scenarios in the statistical model. 
to contradict
to contradict
[Czasownik]

(of pieces of evidence, facts, statements, etc.) to be opposite or very different in a way that it is impossible for all to be true at the same time

zaprzeczać

zaprzeczać

Ex: The witness's testimony contradicted the forensic evidence presented in court, leading to doubts about the accuracy of the case. 
competent
competent
[przymiotnik]

possessing the needed skills or knowledge to do something well

kompetentny, zdolny

kompetentny, zdolny

Ex: As a competent programmer, he was able to troubleshoot and fix the software bug quickly. 
plausible
plausible
[przymiotnik]

seeming believable or reasonable enough to be considered true

prawdopodobny, wiarygodny

prawdopodobny, wiarygodny

Ex: The detective found his alibi to be plausible, as several witnesses corroborated his story. 
machine learning
machine learning
[Rzeczownik]

a branch of artificial intelligence where computers learn how to perform specific operations without previous instructions

uczenie maszynowe, machine learning

uczenie maszynowe, machine learning

algorithm
algorithm
[Rzeczownik]

a finite sequence of well-defined, mathematical instructions for completing a specific task or solving a problem

algorytm

algorytm

Ex: The Euclidean algorithm is used to find the greatest common divisor of two integers. 
consequently
consequently
[przysłówek]

used to indicate a logical result or effect

w konsekwencji,  dlatego

w konsekwencji, dlatego

Ex: The team neglected to conduct thorough testing, and consequently, several critical errors emerged in the final product. 
suspicion
suspicion
[Rzeczownik]

a feeling of doubt or mistrust towards someone or something, often without concrete evidence or proof

podejrzenie,  nieufność

podejrzenie, nieufność

Ex: She had a suspicion that he was hiding something from her. 
disbelief
disbelief
[Rzeczownik]

the state of not believing or accepting something as true or real

niedowierzanie, niewiara

niedowierzanie, niewiara

Ex: She stared in disbelief at the news. 
outlandish
outlandish
[przymiotnik]

unconventional or strange in a way that is striking or shocking

ekscentryczny, dziwaczny

ekscentryczny, dziwaczny

Ex: Her outlandish outfit, featuring mismatched patterns and extravagant accessories, turned heads at the formal event. 
to stick to
to stick to
[Czasownik]

to continue doing something even though there are some hardships

trzymać się, upierać się przy

trzymać się, upierać się przy

Ex: The student stuck to her study schedule, even when exams seemed overwhelming. 
expertise
expertise
[Rzeczownik]

high level of skill, knowledge, or proficiency in a particular field or subject matter

ekspertyza,  biegłość

ekspertyza, biegłość

Ex: The professor's expertise in neuroscience made her a respected authority in the field. 
fairly
fairly
[przysłówek]

more than average, but not too much

dość, całkiem

dość, całkiem

Ex: I found the assignment fairly easy; I finished it in an hour. 
technically
technically
[przysłówek]

with regard to technical skill and the technology available

technicznie

technicznie

sense
sense
[Rzeczownik]

an overall, conscious recognition or understanding of a situation, feeling, or environment

zmysł, uczucie

zmysł, uczucie

Ex: She had the sense of being a political outsider. 
instance
instance
[Rzeczownik]

a specific case or example of something

przypadek, przykład

przypadek, przykład

Ex: In this instance, the customer's complaint was resolved promptly by the manager. 
acutely
acutely
[przysłówek]

with a sharp or steep angle

pod ostrym kątem, ostro

pod ostrym kątem, ostro

Ex: The mountain peak rose acutely against the sky. 
disproportionate
disproportionate
[przymiotnik]

not in proper relation or balance to something else

nieproporcjonalny, niesprawiedliwy

nieproporcjonalny, niesprawiedliwy

Ex: The punishment seemed disproportionate to the offense, as a simple mistake shouldn't warrant such severe consequences. 
to emphasize
to emphasize
[Czasownik]

to give special attention or importance to something

podkreślać, akcentować

podkreślać, akcentować

Ex: Throughout her campaign speech, the candidate emphasized her plans for improving education and healthcare if elected. 
foolproof
foolproof
[przymiotnik]

designed or made to be impossible to fail or make a mistake, even by someone with little skill or knowledge

niezawodny, bezawaryjny

niezawodny, bezawaryjny

Ex: The step-by-step instructions provided a foolproof method for assembling the furniture. 
to [run] deep

(of a feeling, problem, or belief) to be really strong or troublesome due to having existed for a long time

być głęboko zakorzenionym, sięgać głęboko

być głęboko zakorzenionym, sięgać głęboko

Ex: The scars of war run deep in the hearts of the survivors, who still bear the physical and emotional wounds of conflict. 
background
background
[Rzeczownik]

the details about someone's family, experience, education, etc.

przeszłość, życiorys

przeszłość, życiorys

Ex: During the interview, they asked about my educational background. 
science fiction
science fiction
[Rzeczownik]

books, movies, etc. about imaginary things based on science

fantastyka naukowa, FN

fantastyka naukowa, FN

Ex: He enjoys reading science fiction novels set in distant galaxies. 
automation
automation
[Rzeczownik]

the use of machines and computers in a production process that was formerly operated by people

automatyzacja

automatyzacja

regardless of
regardless of
[Przyimek]

without taking into consideration or being influenced by a particular factor or condition

niezależnie od, nie biorąc pod uwagę

niezależnie od, nie biorąc pod uwagę

Ex: I'll be there tomorrow regardless of the weather. 
to depict
to depict
[Czasownik]

to represent or show something or someone by a work of art

przedstawiać, opisywać

przedstawiać, opisywać

Ex: The painting depicts a serene landscape, with rolling hills and a tranquil river winding through the valley. 
light
light
[Rzeczownik]

a specific perspective or aspect from which something is viewed or interpreted

oświetlenie, perspektywa

oświetlenie, perspektywa

Ex: Seeing the problem in a new light helped him find a solution. 
cinematic
cinematic
[przymiotnik]

having qualities or characteristics similar to those found in movies or cinema

filmowy, kinematograficzny

filmowy, kinematograficzny

Ex: The novel's descriptive prose created a cinematic experience for readers, vividly depicting scenes and characters. 
to polarize
to polarize
[Czasownik]

to cause something or someone to split into opposing groups

polaryzować, dzielić

polaryzować, dzielić

Ex: Her speech will polarize the audience. 
optimist
optimist
[Rzeczownik]

a person who expects good things to happen and is confident about the future

optymista, osoba optymistyczna

optymista, osoba optymistyczna

Ex: The optimist always believes that everything will work out in the end. 
skeptic
skeptic
[Rzeczownik]

an individual who regularly questions and doubts the validity of ideas, beliefs, or information, particularly those that are commonly accepted

sceptyk

sceptyk

Ex: As a skeptic, Tom always seeks evidence before accepting any new scientific theory. 
guarded
guarded
[przymiotnik]

not displaying feelings or giving very much information

powściągliwy, ostrożny

powściągliwy, ostrożny

Ex: She remained guarded during the interview, revealing very little about her personal life. 
biased
biased
[przymiotnik]

having a preference or unfair judgment toward one side or viewpoint over others

stronniczy, uprzedzony

stronniczy, uprzedzony

Ex: The journalist's article was criticized for being biased towards a particular political party. 
deep-rooted
deep-rooted
[przymiotnik]

(of ideas, beliefs, or principles) firmly established and difficult to change

głęboko zakorzeniony, trwale ustanowiony

głęboko zakorzeniony, trwale ustanowiony

Ex: Her deep-rooted belief in equality guided her actions throughout her life. 
tendency
tendency
[Rzeczownik]

an inclination or habit to act in a certain way

tendencja, skłonność

tendencja, skłonność

Ex: She has a tendency to bite her nails when nervous. 
to represent
to represent
[Czasownik]

to show someone or something in a piece of art

reprezentować

reprezentować

Ex: The artist chose to represent the beauty of nature by painting a vibrant landscape filled with lush greenery and colorful flowers. 
pertinently
pertinently
[przysłówek]

in a pertinent way

trafnie,  w stosowny sposób

trafnie, w stosowny sposób

to serve
to serve
[Czasownik]

to be of use or help in fulfilling or accomplishing something

służyć, być użytecznym

służyć, być użytecznym

Ex: A large cardboard box will serve the purpose. 
high-profile
high-profile
[przymiotnik]

drawing a lot of public attention or interest

medialny, wysokiej rangi

medialny, wysokiej rangi

Ex: The high-profile trial captured media attention nationwide. 
surveillance
surveillance
[Rzeczownik]

the act of monitoring a person or place, especially by the police

nadzór, monitorowanie

nadzór, monitorowanie

Ex: The police increased surveillance in the neighborhood after a series of burglaries. 
disclosure
disclosure
[Rzeczownik]

the speech act of making something evident

ujawnienie, ujawnianie

ujawnienie, ujawnianie

practice
practice
[Rzeczownik]

the act of applying or implementing an idea, theory, or plan into real-world actions or activities

praktyka

praktyka

Ex: The proposed solution seemed ideal in theory, but it faced several challenges in practice. 
to modify
to modify
[Czasownik]

to make minor changes to something so that it is more suitable or better

modyfikować, dostosować

modyfikować, dostosować

Ex: The tailor often modifies dresses to ensure a perfect fit. 
intricate
intricate
[przymiotnik]

having many complex parts or details that make it difficult to understand or work with

skomplikowany, szczegółowy

skomplikowany, szczegółowy

Ex: The intricate design of the watch included tiny gears and delicate engravings. 
workings
workings
[Rzeczownik]

the internal mechanism of a device

mechanizm, działanie

mechanizm, działanie

to implement
to implement
[Czasownik]

to apply or utilize a device, tool, or method for a specific purpose

wdrażać, stosować

wdrażać, stosować

Ex: The chef implements a new cooking technique to enhance the flavor of the dish. 
to justify
to justify
[Czasownik]

to provide a valid reason or explanation for an action, decision, or belief, usually something that others consider wrong

usprawiedliwiać, bronić

usprawiedliwiać, bronić

Ex: She had to justify her choice to pursue a career in the arts to her parents, emphasizing her passion and long-term goals. 
phenomenon
phenomenon
[Rzeczownik]

an observable fact, event, or situation, often unusual or not yet fully explained

zjawisko, obserwowalny fakt

zjawisko, obserwowalny fakt

Ex: Northern lights are a spectacular natural phenomenon. 
mistrustful
mistrustful
[przymiotnik]

distrustful of others and skeptical of their intentions

nieufny, sceptyczny

nieufny, sceptyczny

Ex: The mistrustful colleague questioned the motives behind every decision made by the team. 
to devote
to devote
[Czasownik]

to give one's time or commit oneself entirely to a certain matter, cause, or activity

poświęcać, oddawać

poświęcać, oddawać

Ex: He devoted several years of his life to researching renewable energy solutions. 
excessive
excessive
[przymiotnik]

beyond what is considered normal or socially acceptable

nadmierny, przesadny

nadmierny, przesadny

Ex: The amount of sugar in the cake was excessive, making it overly sweet. 
subjective
subjective
[przymiotnik]

based on or influenced by personal feelings or opinions rather than facts

subiektywny, osobisty

subiektywny, osobisty

Ex: The art critic's review was subjective, reflecting her personal taste rather than objective analysis. 
portrayal
portrayal
[Rzeczownik]

the act of representing or depicting a character, role, or subject through speech, actions, and gestures in a dramatic performance

interpretacja, przedstawienie

interpretacja, przedstawienie

Ex: Her portrayal of the queen was praised for its emotional depth. 
familiarity
familiarity
[Rzeczownik]

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

wiedza, znajomość

wiedza, znajomość

consumer
consumer
[Rzeczownik]

someone who buys and uses services or goods

konsument, klient

konsument, klient

Ex: As a consumer, she prefers products that are eco-friendly and sustainable. 
transparency report

a public document that clearly shows what actions a company, group, or government has taken, often about data, rules, or decisions

raport przejrzystości, dokument przejrzystości

raport przejrzystości, dokument przejrzystości

Ex: The company released a transparency report on user data requests. 
confirmation bias
confirmation bias
[Rzeczownik]

the tendency to focus on or believe information that supports what one already thinks, while ignoring information that goes against it

efekt potwierdzenia, błąd potwierdzenia

efekt potwierdzenia, błąd potwierdzenia

Ex: Confirmation bias can affect how someone judges evidence. 
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