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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic - Testul 1 - Lectură - Pasajul 2 (2)

Learn vocabulary from the second part of Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic, Test 1 Reading Passage 2, with useful words and expressions from the text.

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
to surrender

to stop fighting or resisting and accept defeat

a se preda

a se preda

Ex: The soldiers were ordered to surrender before nightfall. 
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in addition
in addition
[adverb]

used to introduce further information

în plus, în afară de asta

în plus, în afară de asta

Ex: We need to buy milk, bread, and eggs.  In addition, we should pick up some fruit for snacks. 

Trebuie să cumpărăm lapte, pâine și ouă. În plus, ar trebui să luăm niște fructe pentru gustări.

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retaliation
retaliation
[substantiv]

the act of taking revenge or responding to an injury or wrongdoing with a similar action

răzbunare, represalii

răzbunare, represalii

Ex: The company faced retaliation after firing the employee. 

Compania a fost confruntată cu represalii după ce a concediat angajatul.

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state
state
[adjectiv]

provided or controlled by the government

de stat, public

de stat, public

Ex: Many citizens rely on state welfare programs for support. 
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to resort
to resort
[verb]

to turn to or use something as a solution or means of help, especially as a last option

recurge, apela

recurge, apela

Ex: He tried everything to fix the problem before resorting to calling a professional. 
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wartime
wartime
[substantiv]

a period during which an open war is underway

timp de război, perioadă de război

timp de război, perioadă de război

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to employ
to employ
[verb]

to give work to someone and pay them

angaja, ocupa

angaja, ocupa

Ex: The company has plans to employ additional staff for their new project. 
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to serve
to serve
[verb]

to be employed or work as a member of the military or armed forces

a servi, a fi în serviciu

a servi, a fi în serviciu

Ex: She served in the Navy for over ten years before retiring. 
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to prepare

to make a person or thing ready for doing something

pregăti, prepara

pregăti, prepara

Ex: I prepare my resume and cover letter for job applications. 
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harbor
harbor
[substantiv]

a sheltered area of water where ships and boats can anchor or remain safely

port,  adăpost

port, adăpost

Ex: The fishing boats returned to the harbor before the storm arrived. 
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in return
in return
[adverb]

as a response or exchange for something given or received

la schimb, ca răspuns

la schimb, ca răspuns

Ex: She helped me with the project, and I gave her some advice in return. 

Ea m-a ajutat cu proiectul, și i-am dat câteva sfaturi în schimb.

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to boost
to boost
[verb]

to increase or improve the progress, growth, or success of something

crește, îmbunătăți

crește, îmbunătăți

Ex: Regular exercise can boost your overall health and well-being. 
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maneuverable
maneuverable
[adjectiv]

capable of being easily moved or directed

maniabil, ușor de manevrat

maniabil, ușor de manevrat

Ex: The small boat was highly maneuverable in the narrow canals. 

Mica barcă era foarte manevrabilă în canalele înguste.

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highly
highly
[adverb]

in a favorable or approving manner

foarte, extrem de

foarte, extrem de

Ex: He was highly regarded by his peers for his honesty and leadership. 

Era foarte apreciat de colegii săi pentru onestitate și leadership.

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Portuguese
Portuguese
[substantiv]

a person from Portugal or of Portuguese descent

Portughez, Lusitan

Portughez, Lusitan

Ex: He is a Portuguese living in the United States. 

El este un portughez care locuiește în Statele Unite.

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record
record
[substantiv]

an item that provides lasting evidence or information about past events, actions, or conditions

înregistrare, arhivă

înregistrare, arhivă

Ex: The photograph was a cherished record of their family reunion. 
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named
named
[adjectiv]

specifically mentioned or identified by name

numit, desemnat

numit, desemnat

Ex: The named witnesses in the case were called to testify. 

Martorii numiți în caz au fost chemați să depună mărturie.

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rule
rule
[substantiv]

the period during which a monarch, leader, or government has control or authority over a country or territory

domnie, guvernare

domnie, guvernare

Ex: The country experienced peace during her rule. 
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extract
extract
[substantiv]

a short portion or segment taken from a larger work, such as a book, speech, or document

extras, fragment

extras, fragment

Ex: She read an extract from the speech during the ceremony. 
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diplomatic
diplomatic
[adjectiv]

related to the work of keeping or creating friendly relationships between countries

diplomatic, legat de diplomație

diplomatic, legat de diplomație

Ex: Diplomatic efforts are underway to resolve the conflict peacefully. 
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correspondence
correspondence
[substantiv]

written communication exchanged between people or organizations, especially letters or emails

corespondență,  corespondență scrisă

corespondență, corespondență scrisă

Ex: Emma kept all her correspondence with the university. 
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ally
ally
[substantiv]

a person who supports or helps someone, especially against opposition or in a difficult situation

aliat,  aliată

aliat, aliată

Ex: Emma found a strong ally in her new manager. 
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pressing
pressing
[adjectiv]

requiring immediate attention due to something's urgency or importance

urgent, presant

urgent, presant

Ex: The pressing deadline for the project means we need to work quickly and efficiently. 

Termenul apropiat pentru proiect înseamnă că trebuie să lucrăm rapid și eficient.

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to trouble

to create problems for someone, resulting in hardship

cauza probleme, îngrijora

cauza probleme, îngrijora

Ex: The financial crisis troubled many families, causing stress and uncertainty. 
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distinct
distinct
[adjectiv]

separate and different in a way that is easily recognized

distinct, diferit

distinct, diferit

Ex: The twins may look similar, but they have distinct personalities that set them apart. 

Gemenii pot părea similari, dar au personalități distincte care îi diferențiază.

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despite
despite
[prepoziție]

used to show that something happened or is true, even though there was a difficulty or obstacle that might have prevented it

în ciuda, cu toate acestea

în ciuda, cu toate acestea

Ex: Despite the heavy rain, they decided to go for a hike. 
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substantial
substantial
[adjectiv]

significant in amount or degree

semnificativ, considerabil

semnificativ, considerabil

Ex: The company made a substantial investment in upgrading its infrastructure. 

Compania a făcut o investiție substanțială în modernizarea infrastructurii sale.

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disruption
disruption
[substantiv]

an action that causes a delay or interruption in the ongoing continuity of an activity or process

întrerupere, perturbație

întrerupere, perturbație

Ex: The power outage caused a major disruption in our work schedule. 

Pana de curent a cauzat o perturbare majoră în programul nostru de lucru.

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regional
regional
[adjectiv]

involving a particular region or geographic area

regional, local

regional, local

Ex: Regional conflicts can arise over territorial disputes or resource allocation. 
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commerce
commerce
[substantiv]

the activity of buying and selling goods and services, especially on a large scale

comerț

comerț

Ex: International commerce has expanded rapidly in recent decades. 
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Cyprus
Cyprus
[substantiv]

an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, known for its rich history, ancient ruins, and a mix of Greek and Turkish cultural influences

Cipru, insula Cipru

Cipru, insula Cipru

Ex: The economy of Cyprus relies heavily on tourism and financial services. 

Economia Ciprului se bazează în mare măsură pe turism și servicii financiare.

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to reject
to reject
[verb]

to refuse to accept a proposal, idea, person, etc.

respinge, refuza

respinge, refuza

Ex: I had to reject the job offer due to the low salary. 
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claim
claim
[substantiv]

a statement about the truth of something without offering any verification or proof

afirmație, declarație

afirmație, declarație

Ex: The company's claim about the effectiveness of their product lacked scientific evidence. 
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to base
to base
[verb]

to situate or establish as a central location for operations, activities, or planning

baza, stabili

baza, stabili

Ex: The military strategically based its command center in a secure location to coordinate operations efficiently. 
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modern-day
modern-day
[adjectiv]

of or belonging to the present time

modern, contemporan

modern, contemporan

Ex: Modern-day technology has changed how people communicate. 

Tehnologia modernă a schimbat modul în care oamenii comunică.

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to assure
to assure
[verb]

to make someone feel certain, confident, or less worried about something

asigura,  liniști

asigura, liniști

Ex: The doctor's calm explanation assured Emma that there was no serious problem. 
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to punish
to punish
[verb]

to make someone suffer a penalty or unpleasant consequence for wrongdoing

pedepsi, sancționa

pedepsi, sancționa

Ex: The teacher punished Jake for repeatedly disrupting the class. 
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subject
subject
[substantiv]

a person who is under the rule or authority of a monarch, government, or leader

supus, cetățean

supus, cetățean

Ex: The queen treated her subjects with fairness and respect. 
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Greek
Greek
[adjectiv]

belonging or relating to Greece, its people, or its language

grecesc, elenic

grecesc, elenic

Ex: Greek mythology is full of fascinating tales and characters. 
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world
world
[substantiv]

a specific historical, cultural, or social domain, often referring to a particular period or civilization

lume, univers

lume, univers

Ex: The medieval world was dominated by feudal systems and castles. 
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Egyptian
Egyptian
[adjectiv]

relating to Egypt, its people, culture, or language

Ex: Maya studied Egyptian history at university. 
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ruler
ruler
[substantiv]

a person who governs or controls a country or territory

conducător,  suveran

conducător, suveran

Ex: The ruler governed the kingdom for more than thirty years. 
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aspect
aspect
[substantiv]

a specific part or side of something that is worth considering

aspect, fațetă

aspect, fațetă

Ex: The psychological aspect of the study revealed interesting insights into behavior. 
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warfare
warfare
[substantiv]

involvement in war, particularly using certain methods or weapons

război, conflict armat

război, conflict armat

Ex: Modern warfare often involves advanced technology and cyber attacks, alongside traditional combat. 

Războiul modern implică adesea tehnologie avansată și atacuri cibernetice, alături de lupta tradițională.

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interestingly

in a way that arouses one's curiosity or attention

interesant,  într-un mod care stârnește curiozitatea

interesant, într-un mod care stârnește curiozitatea

Ex: Interestingly, the ancient civilization had advanced knowledge of astronomy, as revealed by their complex calendar systems. 

Interesant, civilizația antică avea cunoștințe avansate de astronomie, așa cum este revelat de sistemele lor complexe de calendar.

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work
work
[substantiv]

a painting, piece of music or book that is produced by a painter, musician, or writer

operă, muncă

operă, muncă

Ex: Her latest work, a gripping thriller novel, is a best-seller. 
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the Iliad
the Iliad
[substantiv]

an ancient Greek epic poem by Homer that tells the story of the Trojan War

Iliada, un poem epic grec antic de Homer care spune povestea Războiului troian

Iliada, un poem epic grec antic de Homer care spune povestea Războiului troian

Ex: Many scholars consider The Iliad a foundational text in Western literature. 

Mulți savanți consideră Iliada un text fundamental în literatura occidentală.

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the Odyssey
the Odyssey
[substantiv]

an ancient Greek epic poem telling the story of Odysseus' long and adventurous journey home after the Trojan War

odisee, epopeea lui Odiseu

odisee, epopeea lui Odiseu

Ex: The Odyssey explores themes of loyalty, perseverance, and cleverness. 

Odiseea explorează teme precum loialitatea, perseverența și istețimea.

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to condone

to accept or forgive something that is commonly believed to be wrong

tolera, ierta

tolera, ierta

Ex: The company's failure to address employee misconduct might be seen as condoning unethical practices in the workplace. 

Eșecul companiei de a aborda conduita incorectă a angajaților poate fi văzut ca tolerare a practicilor neetice la locul de muncă.

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to praise
to praise
[verb]

to express approval or admiration for someone or something

lăuda

lăuda

Ex: The teacher praised Emma for helping a new student. 
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following
following
[adjectiv]

coming immediately after a person or thing in time, place, or rank

următor

următor

Ex: The following day, they embarked on their journey to the mountains. 
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historian
historian
[substantiv]

a person who studies, researches, or writes about history

istoric,  istorică

istoric, istorică

Ex: Emma is a historian specializing in medieval Europe. 
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for instance
for instance
[adverb]

used to introduce an example of something mentioned

de exemplu, spre exemplu

de exemplu, spre exemplu

Ex: There are many beautiful places to visit in Italy, for instance, Rome, Venice, and Florence. 

Există multe locuri frumoase de vizitat în Italia, de exemplu, Roma, Veneția și Florența.

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glorified
glorified
[adjectiv]

given an exaggerated or excessively favorable view, often elevating something to a higher status than it deserves

glorificat,  supraestimat

glorificat, supraestimat

Ex: The politician was often glorified in the media, despite his flaws. 

Politicianul era adesea glorificat în mass-media, în ciuda defectelor sale.

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daring
daring
[adjectiv]

brave enough to take risks and do dangerous things

îndrăzneț, curajos

îndrăzneț, curajos

Ex: She climbed the steep mountain cliff with daring determination. 

Ea a urcat pe stânca abruptă a muntelui cu o determinare îndrăzneață.

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everyday life
everyday life
[substantiv]

the normal and routine activities and experiences that happen each day to people

viața de zi cu zi, viața cotidiană

viața de zi cu zi, viața cotidiană

Ex: She finds joy in the small moments of everyday life, like a morning coffee or a walk in the park. 

Ea găsește bucurie în micile momente ale vieții de zi cu zi, cum ar fi o cafea de dimineață sau o plimbare în parc.

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high-ranking
high-ranking
[adjectiv]

having a senior, important, or authoritative position within a particular hierarchy or organization

de rang înalt, înalt poziționat

de rang înalt, înalt poziționat

Ex: He was a high-ranking officer in the military, overseeing multiple units. 

Era un ofițer de rang înalt în armată, supraveghend mai multe unități.

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to engage
to engage
[verb]

to take part in or become involved with something actively

a participa, a se implica

a participa, a se implica

Ex: She engaged in a lively discussion about the book. 
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according to
according to
[prepoziție]

in regard to what someone has said or written

conform, după

conform, după

Ex: According to John's email, the meeting has been rescheduled to Friday. 

Conform e-mailului lui John, întâlnirea a fost reprogramată pentru vineri.

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orator
orator
[substantiv]

a person who is skilled at public speaking, especially one who delivers speeches in a formal or persuasive manner

orator, conferențiar

orator, conferențiar

Ex: The orator captivated the audience with his powerful speech. 

Oratorul a captivat publicul cu discursul său puternic.

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Aathenian
Aathenian
[adjectiv]

relating to Athens, its people, or its culture, especially in ancient Greece

atenian, referitor la Atena

atenian, referitor la Atena

Ex: The Athenian democracy was a significant development in ancient political systems. 

Democrația ateniană a fost o dezvoltare semnificativă în sistemele politice antice.

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ambassador
ambassador
[substantiv]

a senior diplomatic official who represents their country in another country or at an international organization

ambasador,  ambasadoare

ambasador, ambasadoare

Ex: She served as ambassador to France for four years. 
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detour
detour
[substantiv]

a change or diversion from the planned path, often due to unexpected obstacles or circumstances

ocol, deviație

ocol, deviație

Ex: The detour was long, but it brought us to a hidden gem of a beach. 

Ocolul a fost lung, dar ne-a adus la o bijuterie ascunsă a unei plaje.

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to capture

to seize or get control of something by force

a cuceri, a captura

a cuceri, a captura

Ex: The pirates captured the ship and took its cargo. 
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wealth
wealth
[substantiv]

a large amount of valuable material possessions or financial resources

Ex: The country's oil reserves generated enormous wealth over the past decade. 
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on-board
on-board
[adjectiv]

located or provided on a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle

la bord, îmbarcat

la bord, îmbarcat

Ex: The on-board doctor checked passengers throughout the flight. 

Medicul de la bord a verificat pasagerii pe tot parcursul zborului.

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liberal
liberal
[adjectiv]

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

liberal

liberal

Ex: Liberal democracies uphold principles of free speech, freedom of religion, and the rule of law. 
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approach
approach
[substantiv]

a way of doing something or dealing with a problem

abordare, metodă

abordare, metodă

Ex: We need a new approach to solve this technical issue. 
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to tolerate

to not oppose or prohibit something one does not like or agree with

tolera, suporta

tolera, suporta

Ex: The landlord tolerates minor modifications to the rental property. 
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to curtail

to place limits or boundaries on something to reduce its scope or size

reduce, limita

reduce, limita

Ex: Rising costs have led many companies to curtail benefits and perks for employees in recent years. 

Creșterea costurilor a determinat multe companii să reducă beneficiile și avantajele pentru angajați în ultimii ani.

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