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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic - Testul 1 - Lectură - Pasajul 3 (2)

Learn vocabulary from the second part of Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic, Test 1 Reading Passage 3, with useful words and expressions from the text.

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
to counter

to do something to avoid or decrease the harmful or unpleasant effects of something

contracara, neutraliza

contracara, neutraliza

Ex: The government implemented policies to counter the economic downturn. 
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momentarily
momentarily
[adverb]

for a very short time

pe scurt, temporar

pe scurt, temporar

Ex: He paused momentarily to catch his breath. 

S-a oprit temporar pentru a-și lua răsuflarea.

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either
either
[determinant]

one or the other of two things or people, no matter which

oricare dintre cele două, fie unul

oricare dintre cele două, fie unul

Ex: You can choose either option for dinner tonight; I'm fine with whatever you decide. 

Puteți alege oricare dintre opțiuni pentru cină în seara aceasta; sunt de acord cu orice decideți.

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skepticism
skepticism
[substantiv]

a doubting or questioning attitude towards ideas, beliefs, or claims that are generally accepted

scepticism

scepticism

Ex: Her skepticism about the new diet fad led her to research its effectiveness before trying it. 

Scepticismul ei cu privire la noua modă dietetică a determinat-o să cerceteze eficacitatea acesteia înainte de a o încerca.

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to reside
to reside
[verb]

to be located in a particular place

rezida, se afla

rezida, se afla

Ex: The historic manuscripts reside in the university's special collections library. 

Manuscrisele istorice se află în biblioteca de colecții speciale a universității.

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to perceive

to notice or become aware of something, especially through the senses

percepe,  observa

percepe, observa

Ex: Emma perceived a faint smell of smoke in the hallway. 
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regulatory
regulatory
[adjectiv]

creating and enforcing rules or regulations to control or govern a particular activity or industry

regulator, de reglementare

regulator, de reglementare

Ex: Compliance with regulatory requirements is essential for businesses operating in the financial sector. 
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agency
agency
[substantiv]

a business or organization that provides services to other parties, especially by representing them in transactions

agenție, birou

agenție, birou

Ex: An employment agency connects job seekers with potential employers. 
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post hoc
post hoc
[substantiv]

a mistake of thinking one event caused another just because it happened first

post hoc, raționament post hoc

post hoc, raționament post hoc

Ex: The company assumed the new policy was successful post hoc, after seeing an increase in sales. 

Compania a presupus că noua politică a fost de succes post hoc, după ce a văzut o creștere a vânzărilor.

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detection
detection
[substantiv]

the act of noticing or discovering that something has happened or exists

detectare, descoperire

detectare, descoperire

Ex: The detection of the virus in the early stages helped control the outbreak. 

Detectarea virusului în stadiile incipiente a ajutat la controlul epidemiei.

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to broadcast

to transmit a program, sound, or images by radio, television, or similar media

difuza,  transmite

difuza, transmite

Ex: The station broadcasts the news every hour. 
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Food and Drug Administration

an agency responsible for protecting public health by regulating food, drugs, medical devices, and other related products

Administrația pentru Alimente și Medicamente, Agenția pentru Alimente și Medicamente

Administrația pentru Alimente și Medicamente, Agenția pentru Alimente și Medicamente

Ex: The FDA ensures that medicines are safe and effective before they are sold. 

Food and Drug Administration asigură că medicamentele sunt sigure și eficiente înainte de a fi vândute.

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considerable
considerable
[adjectiv]

large in quantity, extent, or degree

considerabil, mare

considerabil, mare

Ex: The project required a considerable amount of funding to cover all expenses and ensure its success. 

Proiectul a necesitat o sumă considerabilă de finanțare pentru a acoperi toate cheltuielile și a-i asigura succesul.

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monitoring
monitoring
[substantiv]

the process of regularly observing or checking something to track its condition, performance, or progress

monitorizare

monitorizare

Ex: Continuous monitoring of air quality helps officials detect dangerous pollution levels. 
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notification
notification
[substantiv]

the act of officially informing someone about something, usually in writing

notificare,  înștiințare

notificare, înștiințare

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function
function
[substantiv]

the purpose or intended use of something

funcție, scop

funcție, scop

Ex: Understanding the function of each organ is essential in biology. 
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role
role
[substantiv]

a set of actions and responsibilities that are assigned to a person or group within a specific context

rol

rol

Ex: Her role includes training new employees. 
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preemptive
preemptive
[adjectiv]

done before something else happens to prevent a problem or danger

preventiv, preemptiv

preventiv, preemptiv

Ex: The army took a preemptive action to stop the enemy before they attacked. 

Armata a întreprins o acțiune preventivă pentru a opri inamicul înainte de a ataca.

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censoring
censoring
[substantiv]

the act of examining and removing or altering content that is considered offensive or harmful

cenzura, filtrarea

cenzura, filtrarea

Ex: The censoring of books in the library sparked a debate on freedom of expression. 

Cenzura cărților din bibliotecă a stârnit o dezbatere despre libertatea de exprimare.

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to oversee

to observe an activity in order to ensure that everything is done properly

supraveghea, monitoriza

supraveghea, monitoriza

Ex: She was hired to oversee the day-to-day operations of the company. 

A fost angajată pentru a supraveghea operațiunile zilnice ale companiei.

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prescription drug
prescription drug
[substantiv]

a medication that needs a written order from a licensed healthcare provider to be bought because of its potential side effects and risks

medicament cu prescripție, medicament prescris

medicament cu prescripție, medicament prescris

Ex: Prescription drugs come with specific dosage instructions for safe use. 

Medicamentele cu prescripție vin cu instrucțiuni specifice de dozare pentru o utilizare sigură.

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advertising
advertising
[substantiv]

a paid announcement that draws public attention to a product or service

publicitate, anunț

publicitate, anunț

Ex: Effective advertising can significantly increase sales. 
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typically
typically
[adverb]

in a way that usually happens

tipic, de obicei

tipic, de obicei

Ex: The trains are typically punctual, but delays can happen during strikes. 

Trenurile sunt de obicei punctuale, dar pot apărea întârzieri în timpul grevelor.

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violation
violation
[substantiv]

the act of breaking a legal code

încălcare, infracțiune

încălcare, infracțiune

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guideline
guideline
[substantiv]

a principle, recommendation, or instruction that helps determine how something should be done

orientare,  directivă

orientare, directivă

Ex: The company issued new guidelines for working from home. 
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laudable
laudable
[adjectiv]

(of an idea, intention, or act) deserving of admiration and praise, regardless of success

lăudabil

lăudabil

Ex: His teachers always said he had a laudable passion for learning. 

Profesorii lui spuneau întotdeauna că are o pasiune lăudabilă pentru învățare.

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effort
effort
[substantiv]

an attempt to do something, particularly something demanding

efort

efort

Ex: The team put in a tremendous effort to complete the project ahead of schedule. 
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initially
initially
[adverb]

at the starting point of a process or situation

inițial, la început

inițial, la început

Ex: The drug was initially tested on mice before human trials. 

Medicamentul a fost inițial testat pe șoareci înainte de testele pe oameni.

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to encounter

to come across or meet someone or something, often unexpectedly or by accident

a întâlni, a da peste

a întâlni, a da peste

Ex: While hiking in the woods, we encountered a group of deer grazing peacefully. 
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tremendous
tremendous
[adjectiv]

of great extent or intensity

enorm, uriaș

enorm, uriaș

Ex: She felt a tremendous sense of achievement after finishing the marathon. 

Ea a simțit un sentiment uriaș de realizare după ce a terminat maratonul.

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to estimate

to make an educated guess about how likely something is to happen

estima, evalua

estima, evalua

Ex: She estimated it was unlikely for the team to win given their current performance. 
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fairly
fairly
[adverb]

more than average, but not too much

destul de, oarecum

destul de, oarecum

Ex: I found the assignment fairly easy; I finished it in an hour. 

Am găsit tema destul de ușoară; am terminat-o într-o oră.

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to come across

to discover, meet, or find someone or something by accident

da peste, găsi întâmplător

da peste, găsi întâmplător

Ex: While cleaning out the attic, I came across an old box of photographs from my childhood. 

În timp ce curățam podul, am dat peste o cutie veche cu fotografii din copilăria mea.

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to label
to label
[verb]

to assign a quality to someone or something in order to categorize them

eticheta, clasifica

eticheta, clasifica

Ex: The critics labeled the film as a masterpiece for its innovative storytelling. 
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to garner
to garner
[verb]

to obtain or earn something desired or needed, typically through effort or skill

obține, câștiga

obține, câștiga

Ex: She garnered support from the community for her environmental initiative. 

Ea a câștigat sprijinul comunității pentru inițiativa sa de mediu.

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debate
debate
[substantiv]

a discussion about a particular issue between two opposing sides, mainly held publicly

dezbatere

dezbatere

Ex: The debate on climate change highlighted the differences between the two parties' approaches. 
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dilemma
dilemma
[substantiv]

a situation in which a difficult choice must be made between alternatives

dilemă

dilemă

Ex: Sarah faced a dilemma over whether to accept the new job or stay near her family. 
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neatly
neatly
[adverb]

in an orderly and tidy manner, with things arranged properly and cleanly

îngrijit, ordonat

îngrijit, ordonat

Ex: She stacked the plates neatly on the shelf. 

Ea a așezat farfuriile îngrijit pe raft.

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to summarize

to give a short and simplified version that covers the main points of something

rezuma, sintetiza

rezuma, sintetiza

Ex: Can you summarize the plot of the novel for those who haven't read it? 
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contrast
contrast
[substantiv]

the noticeable difference or opposition between two or more things that are compared

contrast

contrast

Ex: There was a noticeable contrast between his cheerful demeanor and her somber mood. 
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philosopher
philosopher
[substantiv]

a person who studies, develops, or writes about fundamental ideas concerning knowledge, reality, ethics, reasoning, and existence

filosof,  gânditor

filosof, gânditor

Ex: The philosopher developed a theory about the nature of human knowledge. 
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conflicting
conflicting
[adjectiv]

showing opposing ideas or opinions that do not agree, causing confusion or disagreement

contradictoriu, divergent

contradictoriu, divergent

Ex: The two witnesses provided conflicting accounts of the accident, making it difficult for investigators to determine what truly happened. 

Cei doi martori au oferit relatări contradictorii despre accident, făcând dificil pentru anchetatori să determine ce s-a întâmplat cu adevărat.

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empirically
empirically
[adverb]

in a way that is based on observation, experience, or practical evidence rather than just theoretical ideas

empiric, pe bază de experiență

empiric, pe bază de experiență

Ex: The conclusion was drawn empirically from the data collected during the field study. 

Concluzia a fost trasată empiric din datele colectate în timpul studiului de teren.

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to argue
to argue
[verb]

to provide evidence or support for a particular conclusion or viewpoint

argumenta, susține

argumenta, susține

Ex: The clues found at the crime scene argue her guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. 
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to reject
to reject
[verb]

to refuse to accept a proposal, idea, person, etc.

respinge, refuza

respinge, refuza

Ex: I had to reject the job offer due to the low salary. 
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by default
by default
[frază]

if something happens by default, it happens because one has not made any other decision or choices that would make things happen differently

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subsequently
subsequently
[adverb]

after a particular event or time

ulterior, apoi

ulterior, apoi

Ex: She moved to France and subsequently began studying art. 

S-a mutat în Franța și ulterior a început să studieze arta.

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through
through
[prepoziție]

used to indicate the method or channel by which something is done

prin, prin intermediul

prin, prin intermediul

Ex: He found the answer through careful research. 

El a găsit răspunsul prin cercetare atentă.

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cognitive
cognitive
[adjectiv]

referring to mental processes involved in understanding, thinking, and remembering

cognitiv, mental

cognitiv, mental

Ex: Cognitive therapy helps individuals recognize and change negative thought patterns. 
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empirical
empirical
[adjectiv]

based on observation, experience, or experiment rather than primarily on theory

empiric,  experimental

empiric, experimental

Ex: The researchers found strong empirical support for the theory. 
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account
account
[substantiv]

a general description of an idea, a theory, or an event

relatare, descriere

relatare, descriere

Ex: The account given by the survivor highlighted the challenges faced during the disaster. 
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engagement
engagement
[substantiv]

active involvement or participation in an activity, issue, or relationship

implicare,  participare

implicare, participare

Ex: The program encourages greater student engagement in class. 
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exposure
exposure
[substantiv]

public attention or publicity received by a person, organization, product, or work

expunere,  publicitate

expunere, publicitate

Ex: The television interview gave the young artist valuable exposure. 
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to encode
to encode
[verb]

to process or convert information into a format that can be stored, understood, or used later

codifica, cripta

codifica, cripta

Ex: The computer encodes data into a format that can be read later. 

Computerul codifică datele într-un format care poate fi citit mai târziu.

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to tag
to tag
[verb]

to label or identify someone or something with a specific descriptive term or nickname

eticheta, tagui

eticheta, tagui

Ex: The renowned artist was tagged "The Master of Light" for their extraordinary use of lighting techniques. 
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resource
resource
[substantiv]

qualities, skills, or abilities that help someone manage challenges or accomplish tasks

resursă, abilitate

resursă, abilitate

Ex: She found strength in her inner resources during tough times. 
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preemptively
preemptively
[adverb]

in a way that prevents something from happening by taking action ahead of time

preventiv, în mod preventiv

preventiv, în mod preventiv

Ex: She preemptively addressed the issue before it became a bigger problem. 

Ea a abordat preventiv problema înainte de a deveni una mai mare.

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direct-to-consumer

selling products or services directly to the customer, without using stores or other middlemen

direct către consumator, vânzare directă către consumator

direct către consumator, vânzare directă către consumator

Ex: The company uses a direct-to-consumer model to sell its products online. 

Compania utilizează un model direct-to-consumer pentru a-și vinde produsele online.

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in support of

in a manner that shows help, approval, or agreement for something or someone

în sprijinul, pentru

în sprijinul, pentru

Ex: She spoke in support of the new policy. 

Ea a vorbit în sprijinul noii politici.

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structure
structure
[substantiv]

the way something is built or organized, including the arrangement of its parts

structură, organizație

structură, organizație

Ex: The report's structure made the data easy to interpret. 
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mechanism
mechanism
[substantiv]

a mechanical device or system with moving parts that work together to perform a specific function

mecanism

mecanism

Ex: He studied the clock's mechanism to understand how it kept time. 
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consistent
consistent
[adjectiv]

following the same course of action or behavior over time

consistent, regulat

consistent, regulat

Ex: She showed consistent dedication to her studies, earning top grades semester after semester. 

Ea a demonstrat o dedicație consecventă față de studiile sale, obținând cele mai bune note semestru după semestru.

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