preliminary
[形容词]
occurring before a more important thing, particularly as an act of introduction

初步的, 预备的
introductory
[形容词]
presented before the main subject, topic, etc. to provide context or familiarize

引言的, 介绍性的
primal
[形容词]
associated with the earliest stages of evolutionary development, often describing ancient or primeval times

原始的, 最初的
former
[形容词]
referring to the first of two things mentioned

前者, 前的
Ex: After evaluating two investment strategies , they opted for former approach as it promised more consistent returns .
last
[形容词]
immediately preceding the present time

上个, 最新的
Ex: Last summer , we traveled to Italy for vacation .
first-ever
[形容词]
happening for the first time in history or within a specific context

历史上首次的, 首个的
Ex: The school hosted first-ever science fair , showcasing student projects .

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