Run-on Sentences
Run-on sentences are special types of sentences that are not actually correct ones. In this lesson, you will learn how to fix them.
What Are Run-On Sentences?
Run-on sentences are two independent clauses that are joined to each other in the wrong way and/or with the wrong punctuation. These sentences are not grammatically correct.
Run-On Sentences: Types
The error which leads to the formation of run-on sentences can make two types of run-on sentences:
- fused sentences
- comma splices
Fused Sentences
If a conjunction or a punctuation mark is missing between two independent clauses, a fused sentence is created. Here are the examples:
We could see him he had no idea what he was doing.
Sarah couldn't deliver her speech she lost track of time.
Comma Splices
If we use only a comma to link two independent clauses, then there is a run-on sentence which is called comma splices. Here are the examples:
People were left alone in the streets, they didn't help homeless people.
We could be together now, he left without saying goodbye.
Using a Complex Sentence
How to Fix Run-On Sentences?
There are a few ways in which you can fix a run-on sentence and change it to a correct sentence. They include:
- using a period
- using semi-colon
- using coordinating conjunctions
- using conjunctive adverbs
- rewrite the sentence (if possible)
- make a complex sentence
Using a Period
If there are two independent clauses following each other with no conjunction in between, you can use a period (also called full stop) to separate the two clauses and avoid a run-on sentence. Check out the examples:
We talked to Jimmy. He was getting ready for his trip.
The students wanted to have fun. Sam was not that enthusiastic, though.
Using Semi-Colon
If the ideas of the clauses are related to each other, you can also use a semi-colon instead of a period. Here are a few examples:
Patricia couldn't go out; she had the most important exam ever.
We decided to vote for Marco; he seems logical.
Using Coordinating Conjunctions
We can link two independent clauses using coordinating conjunctions. Remember, you must use a comma before a coordinating conjunction. Here are a few examples:
They decided to separate,
She wanted to get married to John,
Using Conjunctive Adverbs
Sometimes we can use conjunctive adverbs to link two independent clauses. Remember, you should always use a semi-colon before, and a comma after a conjunctive adverb. The most common conjunctive adverbs are:
- also, besides, consequently, finally, however, indeed
- moreover, nevertheless, next, otherwise
- instead, likewise, meanwhile, still, therefore
Here are a few examples:
You should take responsibility for your own actions;
You don't have a house;
Rewriting the Sentences
Using a Complex Sentence
If one of the clauses can somehow be used as a dependent clause; you can combine the clauses by using a subordinating conjunction to form a complex sentence. Compare the examples:
I was there you were having lunch. → run-on sentence
I was there,
Review
An error in joining two independent clauses can cause run-on sentences that are actually two types:
- fused sentences
- comma splices
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