LoginHave To vs. Ought To
Have to
'Have to' is a semi-modal verb (also known as semi-modal) that functions similarly to modal verbs. It can act as modals and main verbs. It is used to express obligations, certainty, etc. Have a look:
You have to turn in your assignment by Tuesday.
She has to take notes in class.
Ought to
'Ought to' is a semi-modal. It expresses assumption, obligations, advice, and expectations. For instance:
We ought to be punctual.
It ought to be her at the door.
Similarity
Talking about Obligations
We use 'have to' and 'ought to' to talk obligations. Obligations are motivated by law, someone, or oneself. 'Ought to' is less common and more formal than 'have to.' Have a look:
He ought to work harder.
He has to work harder.
You ought to keep this a secret.
Structure
Affirmative Form
We can use 'have to' and 'ought to' in affirmative form by placing them before the main verb. Watch:
I have to reach out to Ana as soon as possible.
We ought to reduce crime rates.
Negative Form
To create the negative form of 'have to' and 'ought to' we follow the patterns illustrated below:
I didn't have to help you with your work.
She doesn't have to answer your questions.
ought + not + to
I ought not to think about the consequences.
He ought not to listen to bad comments.
Interrogative Form
To create questions with 'have to' and 'ought to,' we use the patterns shown below:
Do you have to be so arrogant?
Did she have to be present at the meeting?
Ought + subject + to + infinitive + …?
Ought he to report it to the police?
Ought I to be worried about this?
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