Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency) - العلم

a test that measures the presence, amount, or activity of a specific substance in a sample, often used in scientific and medical research

causing body tissues to tighten or contract

the shining area that surrounds the sun and other stars

(logic) a statement or proposition that is accepted as true without requiring proof

the orbital point farthest from Earth for a moon, satellite, or spacecraft

tending to move outward from a central point

a device that spins samples to separate components based on density

moving, directed, or acting toward a central point or axis

to draw a shape around another so that it touches the inner shape at specific points without overlapping or cutting through it

relating to the statistical assessment of risk, especially in insurance, finance, or pension planning, based on mathematical models and probability

(of non-human entities) having human traits, emotions, intentions, or physical characteristics

found or restricted to a specific geographic region or habitat

a branch of zoology concerning the scientific study of insects

the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods

a projection about future events or hypothetical situations, drawn from known data, observations, or experience

the branch of philosophy that studies the nature, sources, and limits of knowledge

the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes

(of rock) formed from cooled magma or lava

a miniature representation of something larger

a scientist who specializes in the study of birds, including their behavior, ecology, and evolution

the branch of science that studies fossils

the point in the orbit of a celestial body, such as a satellite or moon, where it is closest to the Earth

relating to the stars or constellations, especially in terms of their positions relative to Earth

the scientific and experimental operations performed on live animals

to estimate something using past experiences or known data

the scientific field focused on examining cell anatomy, physiology, and life processes, often using microscopes and molecular techniques

the branch of physics concerned with the generation, transmission, and effects of sound waves in gases, liquids, and solids

extremely hard, pure form of carbon, essentially diamond in its natural crystalline state

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

to heat and then slowly cool a material to make it stronger or less brittle

having physical traits similar to those of non-human primates