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Slovní zásoba pro IELTS Academic (Skóre 6-7) - Geology

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s geologií, která jsou nezbytná pro akademickou zkoušku IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
crust
[Podstatné jméno]

the outermost layer of the Earth, consisting of solid rock and divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust

kůra, zemská kůra

kůra, zemská kůra

Ex: The Earthcrust is divided into tectonic plates that move and interact , leading to phenomena like earthquakes and volcanic activity .
sediment
[Podstatné jméno]

particles of solid material that settle at the bottom of a liquid

sediment, usazenina

sediment, usazenina

Ex: Archaeologists sifted through layers sediment to uncover ancient artifacts .
erosion
[Podstatné jméno]

the process by which soil and rock are gradually destroyed and removed by natural forces such as wind, water, and ice

eroze, odpevnění

eroze, odpevnění

Ex: Over time , the constant pounding of waves can contribute to erosion of cliffs along a coastline .
stratum
[Podstatné jméno]

(geology) a distinct layer of rock or sediment

vrstva, soubor vrstev

vrstva, soubor vrstev

mineralogy
[Podstatné jméno]

the scientific study of minerals, their composition, properties, and classification, often involving the analysis of crystal structures and the identification of various mineral species

mineralogie, studium minerálů

mineralogie, studium minerálů

Ex: X-ray diffraction is a technique employed mineralogy to determine the crystal structure of minerals .
petrology
[Podstatné jméno]

the branch of geology that focuses on the study of rocks, their classification, composition, origin, and the processes involved in their formation

petrologie, studium hornin

petrologie, studium hornin

Ex: Petrology contributes to environmental studies by examining the impact of human activities on rock formations and soil composition .
geomorphology
[Podstatné jméno]

the scientific study of landforms, their origin, development, and classification, often examining the processes that shape the Earth's surface, such as erosion, deposition, and tectonic activity

geomorfologie, vědecké studium tvarů terénu

geomorfologie, vědecké studium tvarů terénu

Ex: Wind erosion and deposition contribute to the development of unique desert landforms studied geomorphology.
stalactite
[Podstatné jméno]

a tapering, icicle-like mineral formation hanging from the roof of a cave or underground structure, typically composed of calcium carbonate deposited by dripping water containing dissolved minerals

stalaktit, visutá minerální formace

stalaktit, visutá minerální formace

Ex: The growth rate of a stalactite depends on factors such as mineral content and water flow.
stalagmite
[Podstatné jméno]

a cone-shaped mineral formation rising from the floor of a cave or underground structure, formed by the deposition of minerals from dripping water containing dissolved substances

stalagmit, kuželovitá minerální formace

stalagmit, kuželovitá minerální formace

Ex: Explorers and spelunkers appreciate the unique shapes and sizes stalagmites found in different caves .
eon
[Podstatné jméno]

a vast and longest subdivision of geological time

eon, geologické období

eon, geologické období

Ex: eon is marked by distinctive characteristics and transitions , offering insights into the dynamic nature of our planet over immense time spans .
pangea
[Podstatné jméno]

a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras, comprising most of Earth's landmasses fused together before breaking apart into the continents we recognize today

Pangea, Pangaea

Pangea, Pangaea

Ex: Pangaea included present-day continents like North America, South America, Africa, Europe, Antarctica, Australia, and Asia.
gondwanaland
[Podstatné jméno]

an ancient supercontinent that included South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Arabian Peninsula

Gondwana, superkontinent Gondwana

Gondwana, superkontinent Gondwana

Ex: The Gondwanan remnants can be observed in similarities between the geology and fossils of the continents it comprised.
laurasia
[Podstatné jméno]

a hypothetical ancient supercontinent that existed from the late Precambrian to the Jurassic period, comprising the landmasses of present-day North America, Europe, Asia, and parts of Antarctica, before it began to break apart

Laurasie byla hypotetický starověký superkontinent,  který existoval od pozdního prekambria do jury

Laurasie byla hypotetický starověký superkontinent, který existoval od pozdního prekambria do jury

Ex: Geological features and rock formations on continents like North America and Eurasia provide clues to Laurasia's existence.
hydrosphere
[Podstatné jméno]

the total amount of water on Earth, including oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, groundwater, and atmospheric water vapor

hydrosféra, vodní obal

hydrosféra, vodní obal

Ex: Ocean currents, driven by the hydrosphere, influence global climate patterns and weather systems.
superposition
[Podstatné jméno]

a principle in geology stating that in a sequence of undisturbed sedimentary rock layers, the youngest rocks are at the top, and the oldest rocks are at the bottom, helping determine the relative ages of geological formations

superpozice, princip superpozice

superpozice, princip superpozice

Ex: Superposition is a key tool for correlating rock formations across different locations and regions .
outcrop
[Podstatné jméno]

a visible exposure of rock or geological strata at the Earth's surface, often occurring on hillsides, cliffs, or other elevated areas, providing insight into the underlying geological structure

výchoz, skalní výchoz

výchoz, skalní výchoz

Ex: Fossils embedded in outcrop offered a glimpse into the prehistoric life that once inhabited the region .
bedrock
[Podstatné jméno]

solid rock beneath surface materials, forming the Earth's crust foundation

podloží, základová hornina

podloží, základová hornina

Ex: Fossils embedded in bedrock provided valuable information about ancient ecosystems and environmental conditions .
mantle
[Podstatné jméno]

the region of the Earth's interior, lying beneath the crust and extending to the outer core, composed of solid rock that can deform and flow over geological time scales

plášť, mantl

plášť, mantl

Ex: Rocks in the upper mantle exhibit properties that allow them to undergo plastic deformation over long periods.
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