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Kosakata untuk IELTS Academic (Skor 6-7) - Geologi

Di sini, Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris yang berkaitan dengan Geologi yang diperlukan untuk ujian IELTS Akademik.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
crust
crust
[Kata benda]

the outermost layer of the Earth, consisting of solid rock and divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust

kerak, kerak bumi

kerak, kerak bumi

Ex: The lithosphere, encompassing the crust and uppermost part of the mantle, is broken into rigid plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere. 

Litosfer, yang mencakup kerak dan bagian teratas mantel, terpecah menjadi lempeng-lempeng kaku yang mengapung di atas astenosfer semi-cair.

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sediment
sediment
[Kata benda]

particles of solid material that settle at the bottom of a liquid

endapan, sedimen

endapan, sedimen

Ex: Over time, sediment builds up in the bottom of a pond, affecting its water quality. 

Seiring waktu, sedimen menumpuk di dasar kolam, memengaruhi kualitas airnya.

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erosion
erosion
[Kata benda]

the process by which soil and rock are gradually destroyed and removed by natural forces such as wind, water, and ice

erosi, pengikisan

erosi, pengikisan

Ex: Coastal erosion is a concern for communities living near shorelines, as it can lead to the loss of land and property. 

Erosi pantai menjadi perhatian bagi komunitas yang tinggal di dekat garis pantai, karena dapat menyebabkan hilangnya tanah dan properti.

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stratum
stratum
[Kata benda]

(geology) a distinct layer of rock or sediment

lapisan, strata

lapisan, strata

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mineralogy
mineralogy
[Kata benda]

the scientific study of minerals, their composition, properties, and classification, often involving the analysis of crystal structures and the identification of various mineral species

mineralogi, studi tentang mineral

mineralogi, studi tentang mineral

Ex: The field of mineralogy helps scientists understand the processes that lead to the formation of different minerals. 

Bidang mineralogi membantu para ilmuwan memahami proses yang mengarah pada pembentukan berbagai mineral.

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petrology
petrology
[Kata benda]

the branch of geology that focuses on the study of rocks, their classification, composition, origin, and the processes involved in their formation

petrologi, studi tentang batuan

petrologi, studi tentang batuan

Ex: Metamorphic petrology studies rocks that have undergone changes in mineral composition and texture due to heat and pressure. 

Petrologi metamorf mempelajari batuan yang telah mengalami perubahan dalam komposisi mineral dan tekstur akibat panas dan tekanan.

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geomorphology
geomorphology
[Kata benda]

the scientific study of landforms, their origin, development, and classification, often examining the processes that shape the Earth's surface, such as erosion, deposition, and tectonic activity

geomorfologi, studi ilmiah tentang bentuk lahan

geomorfologi, studi ilmiah tentang bentuk lahan

Ex: Glacial geomorphology explores the landforms carved by glaciers, like moraines and U-shaped valleys. 

Geomorfologi glasial mengeksplorasi bentang alam yang diukir oleh gletser, seperti moraine dan lembah berbentuk U.

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stalactite
stalactite
[Kata benda]

a tapering, icicle-like mineral formation hanging from the roof of a cave or underground structure, typically composed of calcium carbonate deposited by dripping water containing dissolved minerals

stalaktit, formasi mineral menggantung

stalaktit, formasi mineral menggantung

Ex: Stalactites can form in man-made structures like mines or tunnels if conditions are suitable. 

Stalaktit dapat terbentuk di struktur buatan manusia seperti tambang atau terowongan jika kondisinya cocok.

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stalagmite
stalagmite
[Kata benda]

a cone-shaped mineral formation rising from the floor of a cave or underground structure, formed by the deposition of minerals from dripping water containing dissolved substances

stalagmit, formasi mineral berbentuk kerucut

stalagmit, formasi mineral berbentuk kerucut

Ex: The mineral composition of stalagmites may include substances like calcite, aragonite, or gypsum. 

Komposisi mineral dari stalagmit dapat mencakup zat seperti kalsit, aragonit, atau gips.

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eon
eon
[Kata benda]

a vast and longest subdivision of geological time

eon, masa geologi

eon, masa geologi

Ex: The concept of eons aids scientists in studying the evolution of the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and continents. 

Konsep eon membantu para ilmuwan dalam mempelajari evolusi atmosfer, lautan, dan benua Bumi.

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pangea
pangea
[Kata benda]

a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras, comprising most of Earth's landmasses fused together before breaking apart into the continents we recognize today

Pangea, Pangaea

Pangea, Pangaea

Ex: Pangaea's existence is a key concept in plate tectonics, explaining the movements of Earth's lithospheric plates. 

Keberadaan Pangea adalah konsep kunci dalam tektonik lempeng, yang menjelaskan pergerakan lempeng litosfer Bumi.

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gondwanaland
gondwanaland
[Kata benda]

an ancient supercontinent that included South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Arabian Peninsula

Gondwana, benua super Gondwana

Gondwana, benua super Gondwana

Ex: The breakup of Gondwanaland led to the isolation and evolution of unique flora and fauna on separated continents. 

Pecahnya Gondwana menyebabkan isolasi dan evolusi flora dan fauna unik di benua yang terpisah.

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laurasia
laurasia
[Kata benda]

a hypothetical ancient supercontinent that existed from the late Precambrian to the Jurassic period, comprising the landmasses of present-day North America, Europe, Asia, and parts of Antarctica, before it began to break apart

Laurasia adalah sebuah superbenua kuno hipotetis yang ada dari akhir Precambrian hingga periode Jurassic,  terdiri dari daratan yang sekarang menjadi Amerika Utara

Laurasia adalah sebuah superbenua kuno hipotetis yang ada dari akhir Precambrian hingga periode Jurassic, terdiri dari daratan yang sekarang menjadi Amerika Utara

Ex: The breakup of Laurasia played a crucial role in shaping the current distribution of continents in the Northern Hemisphere. 

Pecahnya Laurasia memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk distribusi benua saat ini di Belahan Bumi Utara.

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hydrosphere
hydrosphere
[Kata benda]

the total amount of water on Earth, including oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, groundwater, and atmospheric water vapor

hidrosfer, lapisan air

hidrosfer, lapisan air

Ex: Groundwater, stored in underground aquifers, is another essential part of the Earth's hydrosphere. 

Air tanah, yang disimpan dalam akuifer bawah tanah, adalah bagian penting lain dari hidrosfer Bumi.

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superposition
superposition
[Kata benda]

a principle in geology stating that in a sequence of undisturbed sedimentary rock layers, the youngest rocks are at the top, and the oldest rocks are at the bottom, helping determine the relative ages of geological formations

superposisi, prinsip superposisi

superposisi, prinsip superposisi

Ex: In an undisturbed sequence of rocks, the lower layers, according to the principle of superposition, are older than the layers above. 

Dalam urutan batuan yang tidak terganggu, lapisan bawah, menurut prinsip superposisi, lebih tua daripada lapisan di atasnya.

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outcrop
outcrop
[Kata benda]

a visible exposure of rock or geological strata at the Earth's surface, often occurring on hillsides, cliffs, or other elevated areas, providing insight into the underlying geological structure

singkapan, singkapan batuan

singkapan, singkapan batuan

Ex: The outcrop on the canyon wall displayed a striking array of colors, indicating different mineral content in the rock layers. 

Singkapan di dinding ngarai menampilkan rangkaian warna yang mencolok, menunjukkan kandungan mineral yang berbeda dalam lapisan batuan.

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bedrock
bedrock
[Kata benda]

solid rock beneath surface materials, forming the Earth's crust foundation

batuan dasar, fondasi batuan

batuan dasar, fondasi batuan

Ex: The river's erosion exposed the underlying bedrock, creating a scenic landscape of cliffs and rock formations. 

Erosi sungai mengekspos batuan dasar yang mendasari, menciptakan lanskap indah tebing dan formasi batuan.

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mantle
mantle
[Kata benda]

the region of the Earth's interior, lying beneath the crust and extending to the outer core, composed of solid rock that can deform and flow over geological time scales

mantel, mantel bumi

mantel, mantel bumi

Ex: The mantle's convection currents are responsible for driving tectonic plate movements. 

Arus konveksi mantel bertanggung jawab atas pergerakan lempeng tektonik.

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