Basic Sciences - Substances
Study terms for biological substances involved in nutrition, metabolism, hormonal regulation, immunity, and cellular communication.
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Tarjetas de memoria
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Cuestionario
a substance high in fat and found in blood and most body tissues, a high amount of which correlates with an increased risk of heart disease
colesterol
a substance found in food such as meat, eggs, seeds, etc. which is an essential part of the diet and keeps the body strong and healthy
proteína
any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids
lípido
a substance that consists of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon that provide heat and energy for the body, found in foods such as bread, pasta, fruits, etc.
carbohidrato
a white carbohydrate food substance that exists in flour, potatoes, rice, etc.
almidón
a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms
glucosa
a sugar formed by two glucose molecules linked together, commonly found in malted foods and used in brewing
maltosa, azúcar de malta
a chemical substance produced in the body of living things influencing growth and affecting the functionality of cells or tissues
hormona
(biology) a hormone released by the body in response to physical or emotional pressure, preparing it for a fight-or-flight reaction
(biochemistry) a steroid hormone from the adrenal gland that helps regulate metabolism and reduces inflammation
a hormone that is responsible for controlling the level of glucose in the blood, the lack of which can cause diabetes
insulina
a hormone and neurotransmitter that regulates the body's stress response
noradrenalina, norepinefrina
a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases
cortisol
a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation
estrógeno
a hormone related to gender that is produced by male body to develop typical male features
testosterona
a blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body
anticuerpo
any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system
antígeno
a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself
enzima
a compound released by cells in response to injury, allergy, or immune reactions, causing inflammation, itching, and other allergy symptoms
histamina
(biochemistry) a protein made by virus-infected cells that helps block viral reproduction and boost immune defenses
a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle
neurotransmisor
an enzyme produced in the stomach that helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking them down into smaller peptides
pepsina, enzima pepsica
(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis
ARN
a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading
linfa
a complex carbohydrate that serves as a storage form of energy in the liver and muscles, made up of glucose molecules linked together
glucógeno, glicógeno
a molecule that carries energy within cells, composed of adenine, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups
adenosín trifosfato, trifosfato de adenosina
(biochemistry) a molecule that turns into ATP when a phosphate group is added, storing energy for cells
a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells
hemoglobina, globina
a body hormone produced in case of anger, fear, or excitement that makes the heart beat faster and the body react quicker
adrenalina
