Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - État et condition

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chilly

[Adjectif]

cold in an unpleasant or uncomfortable way

froid, froide

Ex: A chilly breeze swept through the empty streets .Une brise **glaciale** balayait les rues désertes.

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overcrowded

[Adjectif]

(of a space or area) filled with too many people or things, causing discomfort or lack of space

surchargé, bondé

Ex: The train was overcrowded, and there was barely enough room to stand .Le train était **bondé**, et il y avait à peine assez de place pour se tenir debout.

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refreshed

[Adjectif]

(of a person) feeling less tired and more energized, typically after rest or a break

rafraîchi, revigoré

Ex: The spa treatment left her feeling relaxed and refreshed.Le traitement spa l'a laissée détendue et **rafraîchie**.

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dysfunctional

[Adjectif]

not working normally in the body

dysfonctionnel, défectueux

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open-ended

[Adjectif]

designed to allow for later additions, changes, or adaptations

à révision ouverte, évolutif

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downward spiral

[Phrase]

a continuous worsening of a situation, where one negative event causes another, leading to further decline

Ex: Ignoring the warning signs caused a downward spiral in his mental health.

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nasty

[Adjectif]

extremely unpleasant or disagreeable

dégoûtant, répugnant

Ex: The nasty stain on the carpet was difficult to remove .La tache **dégoûtante** sur le tapis était difficile à enlever.

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drawn-out

[Adjectif]

prolonged or extended longer than expected or necessary

prolongé, interminable

Ex: The movie ’s drawn-out ending left viewers feeling restless and unsatisfied .La fin **prolongée** du film a laissé les spectateurs agités et insatisfaits.

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immobile

[Adjectif]

unable to move

immobile, inamovible

Ex: The statue stood immobile in the town square , a symbol of permanence .Il se tenait **immobile**, figé par le choc.

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a thing of the past

[Phrase]

something that does not exist or happen anymore due to being replaced by something more modern or desirable

Ex: In the modern era, encyclopedias in printed form have become a thing of the past, as people turn to online sources for information.

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disposable

[Adjectif]

meant to be thrown away after being used

jetable, disponible

Ex: The disposable cup is made of paper and can be easily thrown away after use .La tasse **jetable** est en papier et peut être facilement jetée après utilisation.

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beyond recognition

[Adverbe]

so changed or damaged that it looks completely different or is no longer identifiable

au-delà de toute reconnaissance, à ne plus reconnaître

Ex: Social media has reshaped communication beyond recognition.Les réseaux sociaux ont transformé la communication **au-delà de toute reconnaissance**.

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running

[Adjectif]

occurring repeatedly over a period of time

persistant, continu

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unprecedented

[Adjectif]

never having existed or happened before

sans précédent

Ex: The government implemented unprecedented measures to control the crisis .Le gouvernement a mis en œuvre des mesures **sans précédent** pour contrôler la crise.

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made-to-measure

[Adjectif]

made to fit the specific size and requirements of a person or thing

sur mesure, fait sur mesure

Ex: Made-to-measure curtains perfectly fit the odd-shaped window.Les rideaux **sur mesure** s'adaptent parfaitement à la fenêtre de forme irrégulière.

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arid

[Adjectif]

(of land or a climate) very dry because of not having enough or any rain

aride

Ex: Arid regions are susceptible to desertification , a process where fertile land becomes increasingly dry and unable to support vegetation due to human activities or climate change .Les régions **arides** sont susceptibles de désertification, un processus où les terres fertiles deviennent de plus en plus sèches et incapables de supporter la végétation en raison des activités humaines ou du changement climatique.

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on track

[Phrase]

following the right course in order to achieve a particular result or reach a particular goal

en bonne voie

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tight

[Adjectif]

having little available money or time, making it difficult to manage or spend freely

serré, limité

Ex: Their finances are tight, so they decided to postpone the vacation .

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airborne

[Adjectif]

related to something that is moving or transported through the air

aéroporté, en suspension dans l'air

Ex: Scientists studied the airborne pollutants in urban areas to assess their impact on air quality .Les scientifiques ont étudié les polluants **aéroportés** dans les zones urbaines pour évaluer leur impact sur la qualité de l'air.

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impending

[Adjectif]

about to happen soon, often with a sense of threat or urgency

imminent, prochain

Ex: The clock ticking down signaled the impending end of the game , leaving little time for a comeback .Le tic-tac de l'horloge signalait la fin **imminente** du jeu, laissant peu de temps pour un retournement.

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top-of-the-form

[Adjectif]

(of a person) achieving the highest marks or best results in a class, exam, or competition

meilleur de la classe, en tête de la classe

Ex: Only the top-of-the-form students go on to advanced classes.Seuls les élèves **en tête de classe** passent aux classes avancées.

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home from home

[Phrase]

a place where one feels as comfortable and at ease as they do in their own home

Ex: The lodge was so warm and inviting that it became a home from home for the hikers.

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room to swing a cat

[Phrase]

a small or confined room with very limited space for movement

Ex: In the crowded marketplace, there was barely any room to swing a cat as people jostled past each other.

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a stone's throw

[Phrase]

a distance that is very short

Ex: The school is a stone's throw from our neighborhood, which is convenient for the kids.

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watertight

[Adjectif]

not letting water in or out

étanche, imperméable

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sluggish

[Adjectif]

moving, reacting, or functioning more slowly than usual

lent, mou

Ex: Blood circulation can become sluggish when sitting too long .La circulation sanguine peut devenir **lente** lorsqu'on reste assis trop longtemps.

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vicious circle

[nom]

a situation where one problem brings about another and that only worsens the original problem

cercle vicieux, cycle infernal

Ex: The vicious circle of poverty can be challenging to escape , as financial hardships can lead to limited opportunities and vice versa .Le **cercle vicieux** de la pauvreté peut être difficile à échapper, car les difficultés financières peuvent conduire à des opportunités limitées et vice versa.

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fleeting

[Adjectif]

continuing or existing for a very short amount of time

bref, brève

Ex: The photographer captured the fleeting moment when the butterfly landed on the flower .Le photographe a capturé le moment **éphémère** où le papillon s'est posé sur la fleur.

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irreversible

[Adjectif]

unable to be undone, changed, or corrected once something has occurred

irréversible

Ex: The irreversible loss of data due to a computer crash could have been prevented with regular backups .La perte **irréversible** de données due à un plantage d'ordinateur aurait pu être évitée avec des sauvegardes régulières.

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to stand up to

[verbe]

to endure harsh conditions without being significantly damaged

résister à, tenir bon face à

Ex: Quality hiking boots that can stand up to rough terrain.Des chaussures de randonnée de qualité qui peuvent **résister à** un terrain difficile.

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innocence

[nom]

the quality of being free from worldly experience

innocence, candeur

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warring

[Adjectif]

involved in hostilities

en guerre, belligérant