Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Estado e condição

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chilly

[adjetivo]

cold in an unpleasant or uncomfortable way

frio, gelado

Ex: A chilly breeze swept through the empty streets .Uma brisa **fria** varreu as ruas vazias.

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overcrowded

[adjetivo]

(of a space or area) filled with too many people or things, causing discomfort or lack of space

superlotado, lotado

Ex: The train was overcrowded, and there was barely enough room to stand .O trem estava **superlotado**, e mal havia espaço suficiente para ficar em pé.

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refreshed

[adjetivo]

(of a person) feeling less tired and more energized, typically after rest or a break

revigorado, energizado

Ex: The spa treatment left her feeling relaxed and refreshed.O tratamento de spa deixou-a relaxada e **revigorada**.

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dysfunctional

[adjetivo]

not working normally in the body

disfuncional, defeituoso

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open-ended

[adjetivo]

designed to allow for later additions, changes, or adaptations

aberto à revisão, evolutivo

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downward spiral

[frase]

a continuous worsening of a situation, where one negative event causes another, leading to further decline

Ex: Ignoring the warning signs caused a downward spiral in his mental health.

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nasty

[adjetivo]

extremely unpleasant or disagreeable

nojento, repugnante

Ex: The nasty stain on the carpet was difficult to remove .A mancha **nojenta** no tapete era difícil de remover.

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drawn-out

[adjetivo]

prolonged or extended longer than expected or necessary

prolongado, interminável

Ex: The movie ’s drawn-out ending left viewers feeling restless and unsatisfied .O final **prolongado** do filme deixou os espectadores inquietos e insatisfeitos.

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immobile

[adjetivo]

unable to move

imóvel, imobilizado

Ex: The statue stood immobile in the town square , a symbol of permanence .

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a thing of the past

[frase]

something that does not exist or happen anymore due to being replaced by something more modern or desirable

Ex: In the modern era, encyclopedias in printed form have become a thing of the past, as people turn to online sources for information.

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disposable

[adjetivo]

meant to be thrown away after being used

descartável, de uso único

Ex: The disposable cup is made of paper and can be easily thrown away after use .O copo **descartável** é feito de papel e pode ser facilmente jogado fora após o uso.

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beyond recognition

[advérbio]

so changed or damaged that it looks completely different or is no longer identifiable

além do reconhecimento, irreconhecível

Ex: Social media has reshaped communication beyond recognition.As redes sociais transformaram a comunicação **além do reconhecimento**.

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running

[adjetivo]

occurring repeatedly over a period of time

persistente, contínuo

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unprecedented

[adjetivo]

never having existed or happened before

sem precedentes, inédito

Ex: The government implemented unprecedented measures to control the crisis .O governo implementou medidas **sem precedentes** para controlar a crise.

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made-to-measure

[adjetivo]

made to fit the specific size and requirements of a person or thing

feito sob medida, feito à medida

Ex: Made-to-measure curtains perfectly fit the odd-shaped window.As cortinas **feitas sob medida** encaixam-se perfeitamente na janela de formato irregular.

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arid

[adjetivo]

(of land or a climate) very dry because of not having enough or any rain

árido, seco

Ex: Arid regions are susceptible to desertification , a process where fertile land becomes increasingly dry and unable to support vegetation due to human activities or climate change .As regiões **áridas** são suscetíveis à desertificação, um processo em que a terra fértil se torna cada vez mais seca e incapaz de suportar vegetação devido a atividades humanas ou mudanças climáticas.

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on track

[frase]

following the right course in order to achieve a particular result or reach a particular goal

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tight

[adjetivo]

having little available money or time, making it difficult to manage or spend freely

apertado, limitado

Ex: Their finances are tight, so they decided to postpone the vacation .

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airborne

[adjetivo]

related to something that is moving or transported through the air

transportado pelo ar, aéreo

Ex: Scientists studied the airborne pollutants in urban areas to assess their impact on air quality .Os cientistas estudaram os poluentes **transportados pelo ar** em áreas urbanas para avaliar seu impacto na qualidade do ar.

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impending

[adjetivo]

about to happen soon, often with a sense of threat or urgency

iminente, próximo

Ex: The clock ticking down signaled the impending end of the game , leaving little time for a comeback .O tique-taque do relógio sinalizou o fim **iminente** do jogo, deixando pouco tempo para uma recuperação.

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top-of-the-form

[adjetivo]

(of a person) achieving the highest marks or best results in a class, exam, or competition

o melhor da classe, no topo da classe

Ex: Only the top-of-the-form students go on to advanced classes.Apenas os alunos **do topo da classe** passam para as aulas avançadas.

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home from home

[frase]

a place where one feels as comfortable and at ease as they do in their own home

Ex: The lodge was so warm and inviting that it became a home from home for the hikers.

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room to swing a cat

[frase]

a small or confined room with very limited space for movement

Ex: In the crowded marketplace, there was barely any room to swing a cat as people jostled past each other.

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a stone's throw

[frase]

a distance that is very short

Ex: The school is a stone's throw from our neighborhood, which is convenient for the kids.

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watertight

[adjetivo]

not letting water in or out

estanque, impermeável

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sluggish

[adjetivo]

moving, reacting, or functioning more slowly than usual

lento, preguiçoso

Ex: Blood circulation can become sluggish when sitting too long .

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vicious circle

[substantivo]

a situation where one problem brings about another and that only worsens the original problem

círculo vicioso, espiral negativa

Ex: The vicious circle of poverty can be challenging to escape , as financial hardships can lead to limited opportunities and vice versa .O **círculo vicioso** da pobreza pode ser difícil de escapar, pois as dificuldades financeiras podem levar a oportunidades limitadas e vice-versa.

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fleeting

[adjetivo]

continuing or existing for a very short amount of time

efêmero, fugaz

Ex: The photographer captured the fleeting moment when the butterfly landed on the flower .O fotógrafo capturou o momento **fugaz** em que a borboleta pousou na flor.

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irreversible

[adjetivo]

unable to be undone, changed, or corrected once something has occurred

irreversível, irrevogável

Ex: The irreversible loss of data due to a computer crash could have been prevented with regular backups .A perda **irreversível** de dados devido a uma falha de computador poderia ter sido evitada com backups regulares.

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to stand up to

[verbo]

to endure harsh conditions without being significantly damaged

resistir a, aguentar

Ex: Quality hiking boots that can stand up to rough terrain.Botas de caminhada de qualidade que podem **resistir** a terrenos acidentados.

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innocence

[substantivo]

the quality of being free from worldly experience