Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Stato e condizione

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chilly

[aggettivo]

cold in an unpleasant or uncomfortable way

fresco

Ex: A chilly breeze swept through the empty streets .Una brezza **gelida** spazzava le strade deserte.

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overcrowded

[aggettivo]

(of a space or area) filled with too many people or things, causing discomfort or lack of space

sovraffollato

Ex: The train was overcrowded, and there was barely enough room to stand .Il treno era **sovraffollato**, e c'era a malapena spazio sufficiente per stare in piedi.

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refreshed

[aggettivo]

(of a person) feeling less tired and more energized, typically after rest or a break

rinfrescato, rinvigorito

Ex: The spa treatment left her feeling relaxed and refreshed.Il trattamento spa l'ha lasciata rilassata e **rinvigorita**.

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dysfunctional

[aggettivo]

not working normally in the body

disfunzionale, difettoso

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open-ended

[aggettivo]

designed to allow for later additions, changes, or adaptations

a revisione aperta, evolutivo

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downward spiral

[Frase]

a continuous worsening of a situation, where one negative event causes another, leading to further decline

Ex: Ignoring the warning signs caused a downward spiral in his mental health.

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nasty

[aggettivo]

extremely unpleasant or disagreeable

disgustoso, ripugnante

Ex: The nasty stain on the carpet was difficult to remove .La macchia **disgustosa** sul tappeto era difficile da rimuovere.

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drawn-out

[aggettivo]

prolonged or extended longer than expected or necessary

prolungato, interminabile

Ex: The movie ’s drawn-out ending left viewers feeling restless and unsatisfied .Il finale **prolungato** del film ha lasciato gli spettatori irrequieti e insoddisfatti.

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immobile

[aggettivo]

unable to move

immobile, inamovibile

Ex: The statue stood immobile in the town square , a symbol of permanence .Rimase **immobile**, paralizzato dallo shock.

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a thing of the past

[Frase]

something that does not exist or happen anymore due to being replaced by something more modern or desirable

Ex: In the modern era, encyclopedias in printed form have become a thing of the past, as people turn to online sources for information.

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disposable

[aggettivo]

meant to be thrown away after being used

monouso, usa e getta

Ex: The disposable cup is made of paper and can be easily thrown away after use .Il bicchiere **monouso** è fatto di carta e può essere facilmente gettato dopo l'uso.

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beyond recognition

[avverbio]

so changed or damaged that it looks completely different or is no longer identifiable

oltre ogni riconoscimento, irriconoscibile

Ex: Social media has reshaped communication beyond recognition.I social media hanno rimodellato la comunicazione **oltre ogni riconoscimento**.

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running

[aggettivo]

occurring repeatedly over a period of time

persistente, continuo

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unprecedented

[aggettivo]

never having existed or happened before

precedenti

Ex: The government implemented unprecedented measures to control the crisis .Il governo ha implementato misure **senza precedenti** per controllare la crisi.

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made-to-measure

[aggettivo]

made to fit the specific size and requirements of a person or thing

su misura, fatto su misura

Ex: Made-to-measure curtains perfectly fit the odd-shaped window.Le tende **su misura** si adattano perfettamente alla finestra di forma irregolare.

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arid

[aggettivo]

(of land or a climate) very dry because of not having enough or any rain

arido

Ex: Arid regions are susceptible to desertification , a process where fertile land becomes increasingly dry and unable to support vegetation due to human activities or climate change .Le regioni **aride** sono suscettibili alla desertificazione, un processo in cui la terra fertile diventa sempre più secca e incapace di sostenere la vegetazione a causa delle attività umane o del cambiamento climatico.

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on track

[Frase]

following the right course in order to achieve a particular result or reach a particular goal

in pista

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tight

[aggettivo]

having little available money or time, making it difficult to manage or spend freely

stretto, limitato

Ex: Their finances are tight, so they decided to postpone the vacation .

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airborne

[aggettivo]

related to something that is moving or transported through the air

aereo, trasportato dall'aria

Ex: Scientists studied the airborne pollutants in urban areas to assess their impact on air quality .Gli scienziati hanno studiato gli inquinanti **trasportati dall'aria** nelle aree urbane per valutarne l'impatto sulla qualità dell'aria.

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impending

[aggettivo]

about to happen soon, often with a sense of threat or urgency

imminente, prossimo

Ex: The clock ticking down signaled the impending end of the game , leaving little time for a comeback .Il ticchettio dell'orologio segnalava la fine **imminente** del gioco, lasciando poco tempo per una rimonta.

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top-of-the-form

[aggettivo]

(of a person) achieving the highest marks or best results in a class, exam, or competition

il migliore della classe, in testa alla classe

Ex: Only the top-of-the-form students go on to advanced classes.Solo gli studenti **in cima alla classifica** passano alle classi avanzate.

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home from home

[Frase]

a place where one feels as comfortable and at ease as they do in their own home

da casa a casa

Ex: The lodge was so warm and inviting that it became a home from home for the hikers.

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room to swing a cat

[Frase]

a small or confined room with very limited space for movement

Ex: In the crowded marketplace, there was barely any room to swing a cat as people jostled past each other.

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a stone's throw

[Frase]

a distance that is very short

Ex: The school is a stone's throw from our neighborhood, which is convenient for the kids.

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watertight

[aggettivo]

not letting water in or out

stagno, impermeabile

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sluggish

[aggettivo]

moving, reacting, or functioning more slowly than usual

lento

Ex: Blood circulation can become sluggish when sitting too long .La circolazione sanguigna può diventare **lenta** quando si sta seduti troppo a lungo.

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vicious circle

[sostantivo]

a situation where one problem brings about another and that only worsens the original problem

circolo vizioso, spirale negativa

Ex: The vicious circle of poverty can be challenging to escape , as financial hardships can lead to limited opportunities and vice versa .Il **circolo vizioso** della povertà può essere difficile da sfuggire, poiché le difficoltà finanziarie possono portare a opportunità limitate e viceversa.

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fleeting

[aggettivo]

continuing or existing for a very short amount of time

fugace

Ex: The photographer captured the fleeting moment when the butterfly landed on the flower .Il fotografo ha catturato il momento **fugace** in cui la farfalla si è posata sul fiore.

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irreversible

[aggettivo]

unable to be undone, changed, or corrected once something has occurred

irreversibile

Ex: The irreversible loss of data due to a computer crash could have been prevented with regular backups .La perdita **irreversibile** di dati a causa di un crash del computer avrebbe potuto essere prevenuta con backup regolari.

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to stand up to

[Verbo]

to endure harsh conditions without being significantly damaged

resistere a, resistere

Ex: Quality hiking boots that can stand up to rough terrain.Scarpe da trekking di qualità che possono **resistere** a terreni accidentati.

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innocence

[sostantivo]

the quality of being free from worldly experience