Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic - Test 1 - Lecture - Passage 2 (1)

the act of applying or implementing an idea, theory, or plan into real-world actions or activities

existing or available in large quantities

belonging to or following the methods or thoughts that are old as opposed to new or different ones

to try to achieve a better result compared to that of other people or things

worth doing or having

the formation or restoration of something in an improved condition

able to be physically harmed or wounded

only for one certain type of person or thing

to aim or direct something, such as an action or effort, towards a specific goal or objective

appropriate for a certain situation or purpose

the process of burning, characterized by the chemical reaction between a fuel and oxygen that produces heat and light

a closed vessel in which water is heated to create steam or hot water, used for heating buildings, producing electricity, or powering machines

the energy that is obtained through different means, such as electrical or solar, to operate different equipment or machines

a place or a building that is designed and equipped for a specific function, such as healthcare, education, etc.

a type of fossil fuel, which is black and found in the ground, typically used as a source of energy

a place, such as a factory, in which an industrial process happens or where power is produced

to include something as part of a larger whole or system

a steady, ongoing flow of something, like information, data, or objects

turn into gas

the creation of heat, electricity, or other forms of energy

any substance that can produce energy or heat when burned

a type of alcohol fuel produced from renewable sources such as corn or sugarcane

a liquid used by cars, trucks, etc. as a fuel

a large, heavy motor vehicle designed for transporting goods or materials over long distances

a way of doing something or dealing with a problem

to a large or significant degree

to cut through something at its base in order to make it fall

to make sure one has a sufficient amount of something such as time, food, money, etc. available for a specific purpose

to stay in existence after other parts or elements have disappeared or been used up

aggressively intruding or spreading into a space or situation where something is unwelcome or harmful

a form of energy that is produced from organic or biological sources, which can be naturally replaced

using natural resources in a way that causes no harm to the environment

one of the things that affects something or contributes to it

a group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into

the purpose or intended use of something

the quality or state of being easily reached, entered, used, or understood by everyone, regardless of any physical or mental limitations

stated or specified; acknowledged or supposed

trees grown or considered as a source of wood for building or other uses

a section of the trunk or a large branch of a tree that has been cut or has fallen

a person who owns land

the natural environment in which a particular animal, plant, or other organism normally lives or grows

the main supporting part of a plant from which leaves, flowers, or branches grow

the main wooden body of a tree

used when introducing additional information to a statement that has just been made

to have an illness or disease

makes things out of wood

with no one or nothing else involved

a standard or accepted pattern of behavior within a particular group or society

to discard or abandon someone or something as no longer relevant or important to one's present or future

having or given a form or shape

fitting for a specific purpose, situation, or person

an area of land on which something is, was, or will be constructed

the practice of selecting and keeping only the best or most valuable parts of something and leaving the rest behind, often used in mining, fishing, or logging

a lasting effect, influence, or result left by a person, event, or period

a group of plants, especially trees, of the same species growing together in a particular area

not frequently or widely used, typically because of being lower in quality or less in demand