Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency) - Kekakuan dan Keras Kepala

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cantankerous

[Adjektiva]

difficult to get along with and easily angered

pemarah, sulit diajak bergaul

Ex: They had to deal with the cantankerous client for weeks before the project was finished .Mereka harus berurusan dengan klien **pemarah** selama berminggu-minggu sebelum proyek selesai.

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contumacious

[Adjektiva]

openly defiant of rules, orders, or control

membangkang, susah diatur

Ex: The soldier 's contumacious behavior led to disciplinary action .Perilaku **membangkang** prajurit itu mengakibatkan tindakan disipliner.

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doctrinaire

[Adjektiva]

rigidly attached to a theory or set of beliefs, ignoring whether they are practical or realistic

doktriner, kaku

Ex: She defended the rule in a doctrinaire way , despite its flaws .Dia membela aturan dengan cara **doktriner**, meskipun ada kekurangannya.

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dogmatic

[Adjektiva]

convinced that everything one believes in is true and others are wrong

dogmatis, keras kepala

Ex: After years of experience , he had become less dogmatic and more open to others ' opinions .Setelah bertahun-tahun pengalaman, dia menjadi kurang **dogmatis** dan lebih terbuka terhadap pendapat orang lain.

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froward

[Adjektiva]

difficult to deal with, stubbornly contrary, or disobedient

bandel, susah diatur

Ex: Ignoring repeated warnings about noise complaints, the froward tenant was eventually evicted from the apartment complex.Mengabaikan peringatan berulang tentang keluhan kebisingan, penyewa **bandel** akhirnya diusir dari kompleks apartemen.

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implacable

[Adjektiva]

relentless in anger, pursuit, or resistance

tak kenal ampun, tak kenal kompromi

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intransigence

[Kata benda]

unwillingness to agree about something or change one's views

ketegasan, kekakuan

Ex: The intransigence of the board members blocked the proposed reforms .**Kekakuan** anggota dewan memblokir reformasi yang diusulkan.

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intractable

[Adjektiva]

difficult to manage, control, or resolve

bandel, sulit diatur

Ex: The intractable behavior of the wild animal made it unsafe for interaction with humans .Perilaku **sulit diatur** dari hewan liar membuatnya tidak aman untuk berinteraksi dengan manusia.

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obdurate

[Adjektiva]

stubbornly refusing to change one's behavior or course, especially in doing wrong

keras kepala, bandel

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recalcitrant

[Adjektiva]

resisting authority, control, or guidance

bandel, keras kepala

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refractory

[Adjektiva]

hard to control because of stubbornness

bandel, keras kepala

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dyed in the wool

[frasa]

firmly and uncompromisingly committed to a belief, habit, or way of thinking

Ex: She's a dyed-in-the-wool romantic, always believing in true love.

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incorrigible

[Adjektiva]

resistant to reform despite repeated efforts to change behavior

tidak dapat diperbaiki, bandel

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perverse

[Adjektiva]

inclined to act stubbornly and to hang on to what is wrong

menyimpang, keras kepala

Ex: He took a perverse pleasure in contradicting every suggestion , regardless of its merit .Dia merasa senang **menyimpang** dengan menyangkal setiap saran, terlepas dari nilainya.

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insular

[Adjektiva]

having a limited perspective or outlook, often isolated and closed off from new ideas or influences

sempit, terisolasi

Ex: The insular mindset of the group led to a resistance to change , even when it was necessary for growth .Pola pikir **terisolasi** kelompok mengarah pada penolakan terhadap perubahan, bahkan ketika itu diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan.

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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency)

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