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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency) - Upartość i Upór

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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency)
cantankerous
cantankerous
[przymiotnik]

difficult to get along with and easily angered

zrzędliwy, kłótliwy

zrzędliwy, kłótliwy

Ex: The cantankerous old man yelled at the neighbors for no reason. 
contumacious
contumacious
[przymiotnik]

openly defiant of rules, orders, or control

buntowniczy, nieposłuszny

buntowniczy, nieposłuszny

Ex: Contumacious tenants ignored eviction notices and continued to occupy the property. 
doctrinaire
doctrinaire
[przymiotnik]

rigidly attached to a theory or set of beliefs, ignoring whether they are practical or realistic

doktrynerski, sztywny

doktrynerski, sztywny

Ex: His doctrinaire approach to politics left no room for compromise. 
dogmatic
dogmatic
[przymiotnik]

convinced that everything one believes in is true and others are wrong

dogmatyczny, nieustępliwy

dogmatyczny, nieustępliwy

Ex: His dogmatic views on politics made it difficult to have a productive conversation with him. 
froward
froward
[przymiotnik]

difficult to deal with, stubbornly contrary, or disobedient

uparty, nieposłuszny

uparty, nieposłuszny

Ex: Despite clear instructions, the froward child insisted on doing the opposite, causing frustration for the teacher. 
implacable
implacable
[przymiotnik]

relentless in anger, pursuit, or resistance

nieubłagany, bezwzględny

nieubłagany, bezwzględny

Ex: The implacable enemy refused all offers of peace. 
intransigence
intransigence
[Rzeczownik]

unwillingness to agree about something or change one's views

nieustępliwość, bezkompromisowość

nieustępliwość, bezkompromisowość

Ex: His intransigence during the negotiations made it impossible to reach a deal. 
intractable
intractable
[przymiotnik]

difficult to manage, control, or resolve

nieposłuszny, trudny do opanowania

nieposłuszny, trudny do opanowania

Ex: The intractable student refused to follow instructions or participate in class activities. 
obdurate
obdurate
[przymiotnik]

stubbornly refusing to change one's behavior or course, especially in doing wrong

uparty, zatwardziały

uparty, zatwardziały

Ex: The criminal remained obdurate, refusing to admit guilt. 
recalcitrant
recalcitrant
[przymiotnik]

resisting authority, control, or guidance

krnąbrny, oporny

krnąbrny, oporny

Ex: The recalcitrant student refused to follow classroom instructions. 
refractory
refractory
[przymiotnik]

hard to control because of stubbornness

nieposłuszny, uparty

nieposłuszny, uparty

Ex: The refractory student refused to follow classroom rules. 
dyed in the wool

firmly and uncompromisingly committed to a belief, habit, or way of thinking

Ex: He's a dyed-in-the-wool conservative who never wavers in his views. 
incorrigible
incorrigible
[przymiotnik]

resistant to reform despite repeated efforts to change behavior

niepoprawny, nieuleczalny

niepoprawny, nieuleczalny

Ex: The incorrigible thief kept stealing even after multiple arrests. 
perverse
perverse
[przymiotnik]

inclined to act stubbornly and to hang on to what is wrong

przewrotny, uparty

przewrotny, uparty

Ex: Despite all the evidence, he held a perverse belief that the earth was flat. 
insular
insular
[przymiotnik]

having a limited perspective or outlook, often isolated and closed off from new ideas or influences

wąski, izolowany

wąski, izolowany

Ex: The insular community was resistant to outside influences, preferring to maintain its traditional ways. 
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