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cantankerous
[형용사]
difficult to get along with and easily angered
까다로운, 성마른
Ex: They had to deal with the cantankerous client for weeks before the project was finished .프로젝트가 끝나기 전까지 그들은 몇 주 동안 **까다로운** 고객을 상대해야 했습니다.
contumacious
[형용사]
openly defiant of rules, orders, or control
반항적인, 고집 센
Ex: The soldier 's contumacious behavior led to disciplinary action .군인의 **반항적인** 행동은 징계 조치로 이어졌다.
doctrinaire
[형용사]
rigidly attached to a theory or set of beliefs, ignoring whether they are practical or realistic
독단적인, 경직된
Ex: She defended the rule in a doctrinaire way , despite its flaws .그녀는 결함에도 불구하고 규칙을 **교조적**인 방식으로 옹호했다.
dogmatic
[형용사]
convinced that everything one believes in is true and others are wrong
독단적인, 완고한
Ex: After years of experience , he had become less dogmatic and more open to others ' opinions .여러 해의 경험 끝에, 그는 덜 **독단적**이고 다른 사람들의 의견에 더 열려있게 되었다.
froward
[형용사]
difficult to deal with, stubbornly contrary, or disobedient
고집 센, 반항적인
Ex: Ignoring repeated warnings about noise complaints, the froward tenant was eventually evicted from the apartment complex.소음 민원에 대한 반복된 경고를 무시한 **고집 센** 세입자는 결국 아파트 단지에서 퇴거당했습니다.
intransigence
[명사]
unwillingness to agree about something or change one's views
비타협성, 완고함
Ex: The intransigence of the board members blocked the proposed reforms .**완고함** 이사회 구성원들이 제안된 개혁을 막았다.
intractable
[형용사]
difficult to manage, control, or resolve
다루기 힘든, 고집 센
Ex: The intractable behavior of the wild animal made it unsafe for interaction with humans .야생 동물의 **다루기 힘든** 행동은 인간과의 상호 작용을 위험하게 만들었다.
obdurate
[형용사]
stubbornly refusing to change one's behavior or course, especially in doing wrong
완고한, 고집 센
firmly and uncompromisingly committed to a belief, habit, or way of thinking
Ex: She's a dyed-in-the-wool romantic, always believing in true love.
perverse
[형용사]
inclined to act stubbornly and to hang on to what is wrong
비뚤어진, 고집 센
Ex: He took a perverse pleasure in contradicting every suggestion , regardless of its merit .그는 그 가치에 상관없이 모든 제안을 반박하는 데서 **비뚤어진** 즐거움을 느꼈다.
| 케임브리지 영어: CPE (C2 숙련도) |
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