a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

cywilizacja, społeczeństwo
widely recognized and regarded as a symbol of a particular time, place, or culture

ikoniczny, symboliczny
a structure or a place that is historically important

zabytek, historyczny punkt orientacyjny
extremely great in extent, size, or area

rozległy, ogromny
showing a variety of distinct types or qualities

różnorodny, zróżnicowany
a tendency or mindset of a particular type

nastawienie, mentalność
the creation of new ideas or concepts in the mind

innowacja, tworzenie
to exert a significant influence on the development, nature, or outcome of something

kształtować, wpływać
exceptionally large or extensive in scope, degree, or impact

masywny, ogromny
(of an area or region) inhabited by many people or living beings

zaludniony, gęsto zaludniony
celebrated in traditional legends

legendarny, mityczny
a piece of animal bone or turtle shell used in ancient China for predicting the future and recording the results
a quick or partial view of something, often fleeting or incomplete

spojrzenie, przelotny widok
a particular set of beliefs, values, or principles developed in search of the truth about life and the universe

filozofia
a disagreement or argument over something important

konflikt, nieporozumienie
a person with strong intellectual abilities, often working in a field that requires deep thought and knowledge

myśliciel, intelektualista
to formally discuss a matter, usually in a structured setting

debatować, dyskutować
to own, manage, or organize something such as a business, campaign, a group of animals, etc.

kierować, zarządzać
to join things together into one

zjednoczyć, scalić
the type or system of money that is used by a country

waluta, dewizy
a person or group that enters a place by force to take control

najeźdźca, okupant
to do something that makes it possible or easier for something else to occur

przygotować grunt, stworzyć warunki
to increase the size, number, importance, or value of something

rozszerzać, powiększać
to make something more powerful

wzmacniać, umacniać
an idealized or imagined period of peace, prosperity, and happiness

złoty wiek, złota era
to help or support the progress or development of something

promować, wspierać
a set of moral beliefs or principles of what is important in life

wartość, zasada
showing a variety of distinct types or qualities

różnorodny, zróżnicowany
the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialekt, gwara
unlike anything else and distinguished by individuality

unikalny, niepowtarzalny
to be an image, sign, symbol, etc. of something

reprezentować, symbolizować
to learn how something works or how to use it

załapać, nabrać wprawy
(of people) still alive and in good health

żywy i zdrowy, dobrze
a brand new machine, tool, or process that is made after study and experiment

wynalazek
after or at the end of a series of events or an extended period

ostatecznie, w końcu
a type of powder that is explosive, used in making bullets, bombs, etc.

proch strzelniczy, czarny proch
involvement in war, particularly using certain methods or weapons

wojna, konflikt zbrojny
a device with a needle that always points to the north, used to find direction

kompas, busola
to travel across or on an area of water by a ship or boat

nawigować, sterować statkiem
a modern building that is very tall, often built in a city

wieżowiec, wieża
having extremely modern, innovative technology or design, often resembling what might be expected in the future

futurystyczny, nowoczesny
energy that is produced using renewable, environmentally friendly sources, such as wind, solar, or hydroelectric power

zielona energia, energia odnawialna
a piece of equipment, usually placed on a roof, that absorbs the energy of sun and uses it to produce electricity or heat

panel słoneczny, bateria słoneczna
a type of thin, long food made with flour and egg, eaten in a soup or with sauce

makaron, nudel
a sweet dough-based treat that is often filled with fruit or other sweet ingredients, and cooked by boiling, steaming, or baking

słodkie pierożki, knedle z owocami
the flour made by grinding wheat grains, commonly used in various culinary applications

mąka pszenna
a method or style of cooking that is specific to a country or region

kuchnia
(of a flavor) dominant but not necessarily harsh

śmiały, wyraźny
causing a loss of sensation, emotion, or responsiveness

znieczulający, powodujący utratę czucia
pungent seasoning from the berry of the common pepper plant of East India; use whole or ground
used to highlight the differences between two or more things or people

w przeciwieństwie, przeciwnie
(of food) cooked in an oven or over an open flame until the food is browned on the outside and cooked through on the inside

pieczony
(of food) having a firm, dry texture that makes a sharp, crunching sound when broken or bitten

chrupiący, kruchy
a thin, paper cover in which we put and send a letter

koperta, otoczka
a traditional Chinese pastry typically eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival, characterized by its round shape and various fillings

ciasto księżycowe, tradycyjne chińskie ciastko
a type of flower which grows on the surface of lakes with white or pink petals

lotos, grzybienie
a combination of ingredients used as a filling for pastries, sandwiches, and other food items

nadzienie, wypełnienie
(of an animal, plant, etc.) being at risk of extinction

zagrożony wyginięciem
the protection, maintenance, and restoration of objects, buildings, or works of artistic or historical significance

konserwacja, zachowanie
| East Asia and Oceania Vocabulary | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| China | Japonia | Korea Południowa | Korea Północna |
| Mongolia | Tajwan | Fidżi | Australia |
| Papua-Nowa Gwinea | Nowa Zelandia | ||
