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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Akademicki - Test 2 - Czytanie - Fragment 1 (3)

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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic
distinct
distinct
[przymiotnik]

separate and different in a way that is easily recognized

odrębny, różny

odrębny, różny

Ex: The twins may look similar, but they have distinct personalities that set them apart. 
tribe
tribe
[Rzeczownik]

a social group united by shared ancestry, culture, or customs

plemię, lud

plemię, lud

to contribute
to contribute
[Czasownik]

to be one of the causes or reasons that helps something happen

przyczyniać się, wnosić wkład

przyczyniać się, wnosić wkład

Ex: Many factors contribute to the rise in housing prices. 
to undertake
to undertake
[Czasownik]

to take responsibility for something and start to do it

przedsięwziąć, podjąć

przedsięwziąć, podjąć

Ex: She undertakes the responsibility of managing the team's day-to-day operations. 
artifact
artifact
[Rzeczownik]

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

artefakt, wytwór człowieka

artefakt, wytwór człowieka

Ex: Artifacts of early tool-making like stone knives and projectile points show the ingenuity and resourcefulness of Paleolithic humans. 
agrarian
agrarian
[przymiotnik]

related to agriculture, farmers, or rural life

agrarny, rolniczy

agrarny, rolniczy

Ex: The agrarian community relies on farming as the main source of livelihood. 
indigenous
indigenous
[przymiotnik]

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

rdzenny,  autochtoniczny

rdzenny, autochtoniczny

Ex: The government implemented policies to protect the rights and traditions of indigenous peoples living in remote areas. 
communal
communal
[przymiotnik]

belonging to or shared by a group of people and not only individuals

wspólnotowy, zbiorowy

wspólnotowy, zbiorowy

Ex: The village built a communal garden for everyone to use. 
to [leave] {one's} mark

to have a powerful and lasting effect on someone or something

odcisnąć swoje piętno, pozostawić trwały ślad

odcisnąć swoje piętno, pozostawić trwały ślad

Ex: Years of war have left their mark on these pretty islands. 
immigrant
immigrant
[Rzeczownik]

someone who comes to live in a foreign country

imigrant, migrant

imigrant, migrant

Ex: The government introduced a new policy to support immigrants integrating into the community. 
to maintain
to maintain
[Czasownik]

to firmly and persistently express an opinion, belief, or statement as true and valid

utrzymywać, twierdzić

utrzymywać, twierdzić

Ex: She maintains that her interpretation of the data is correct despite the opposition. 
native
native
[przymiotnik]

describing the people who have lived in an area for a very long time

rdzenny, autochtoniczny

rdzenny, autochtoniczny

Ex: Native Hawaiians have a unique cultural identity and deep spiritual connection to the islands, which they have called home for centuries. 
to descend
to descend
[Czasownik]

to be related by blood, typically referring to the lineage or family connection

pochodzić, wywodzić się

pochodzić, wywodzić się

Ex: She descends from a long line of accomplished artists and painters. 
surround
surround
[Rzeczownik]

the area or conditions immediately around something or someone where it exists or operates

otoczenie, środowisko

otoczenie, środowisko

Ex: The lush surround of the garden made it a perfect spot for relaxation. 
architect
architect
[Rzeczownik]

a person whose job is designing buildings and typically supervising their construction

architekt, projektant budynków

architekt, projektant budynków

Ex: The architect designed a stunning modern home that incorporates sustainable building practices and energy-efficient features. 
shadowy
shadowy
[przymiotnik]

faint or unclear, often making it hard to see or understand fully

mglisty, niejasny

mglisty, niejasny

Ex: The detective followed the shadowy figure through the foggy streets. 
at best
at best
[Fraza]

‌used when you take the most optimistic view, especially in a bad situation

purpose
purpose
[Rzeczownik]

the reason or intention for which something is made, done, or used

cel, przeznaczenie

cel, przeznaczenie

Ex: The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the upcoming project deadlines. 
striking
striking
[przymiotnik]

exceptionally eye-catching or beautiful

uderzający, imponujący

uderzający, imponujący

Ex: She had striking features, with high cheekbones and piercing blue eyes that drew everyone's attention. 
consensus
consensus
[Rzeczownik]

an agreement reached by all members of a group

konsensus, porozumienie

konsensus, porozumienie

Ex: The team reached a consensus on the new project timeline after extensive discussions. 
majority
majority
[Rzeczownik]

the larger part or number of a given set or group

większość, większa część

większość, większa część

Ex: The majority of the committee members voted in favor of the new policy. 
to serve
to serve
[Czasownik]

to be suitable, advantageous, or occur at a convenient or favorable time

pasować, być korzystnym

pasować, być korzystnym

Ex: The weather served for their outdoor wedding, with clear skies and a gentle breeze. 
function
function
[Rzeczownik]

the purpose or intended use of something

funkcja, przeznaczenie

funkcja, przeznaczenie

Ex: The function of the lever is to lift heavy objects. 
burial ground
burial ground
[Rzeczownik]

a piece of land where people are buried

cmentarz, miejsce pochówku

cmentarz, miejsce pochówku

Ex: The family visited the burial ground on the anniversary. 
to determine
to determine
[Czasownik]

to learn of and confirm the facts about something through calculation or research

określać, ustalać

określać, ustalać

Ex: Scientists regularly determine the chemical composition of substances in the laboratory. 
astronomer
astronomer
[Rzeczownik]

a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

astronom

astronom

Ex: The astronomer discovered a new exoplanet using advanced telescope technology. 
cluster
cluster
[Rzeczownik]

a grouping or concentration of data points in a specific region, often used in statistics and data analysis to describe a set of values that are close to each other

klaster, zgrupowanie

klaster, zgrupowanie

Ex: In a scatter plot, a cluster of data points close to each other may indicate a strong correlation between the variables. 
megalithic
megalithic
[przymiotnik]

of or relating to megaliths or the people who erected megaliths

megalityczny, odnoszący się do megalitów lub ludzi

megalityczny, odnoszący się do megalitów lub ludzi

to correspond
to correspond
[Czasownik]

to match or be similar to something else

odpowiadać, zbiegać się

odpowiadać, zbiegać się

Ex: The data collected from the experiment closely corresponds to the predictions made by the scientific model. 
astrological
astrological
[przymiotnik]

relating to or concerned with astrology

astrologiczny

astrologiczny

phenomenon
phenomenon
[Rzeczownik]

an observable fact, event, or situation, often unusual or not yet fully explained

zjawisko, obserwowalny fakt

zjawisko, obserwowalny fakt

Ex: Northern lights are a spectacular natural phenomenon. 
eclipse
eclipse
[Rzeczownik]

a period during which the sun or moon is temporarily obscured by the shadow of another celestial body

zaćmienie, przesłonięcie

zaćmienie, przesłonięcie

Ex: We watched the solar eclipse through special protective glasses. 
to receive
to receive
[Czasownik]

to be subjected to or experience a particular reaction or feedback from others

otrzymywać, uzyskiwać

otrzymywać, uzyskiwać

Ex: The new policy received widespread approval from employees, who appreciated its focus on work-life balance. 
considerable
considerable
[przymiotnik]

large in quantity, extent, or degree

znaczny, duży

znaczny, duży

Ex: The project required a considerable amount of funding to cover all expenses and ensure its success. 
attention
attention
[Rzeczownik]

a general interest that leads people to want to know more

uwaga,  zainteresowanie

uwaga, zainteresowanie

critic
critic
[Rzeczownik]

someone who evaluates and provides opinions or judgments about various forms of art, literature, performances, or other creative works

krytyk

krytyk

Ex: The film critic praised the director's innovative storytelling and powerful performances in her review. 
to lack
to lack
[Czasownik]

to be without or to not have enough of something that is needed or desirable

brakować, nie mieć wystarczająco

brakować, nie mieć wystarczająco

Ex: She failed to complete the project on time because she lacked the necessary resources. 
cover
cover
[Rzeczownik]

the act of hiding something from sight by blocking the view

osłona, ukrycie

osłona, ukrycie

Ex: The trees provided cover for the soldiers. 
to obscure
to obscure
[Czasownik]

to conceal or hide something

ukrywać, zasłaniać

ukrywać, zasłaniać

Ex: The artist used a layer of paint to obscure the underlying details of the canvas. 
to unearth
to unearth
[Czasownik]

to find out about something, particularly by doing research

odkrywać, wydobywać na światło dzienne

odkrywać, wydobywać na światło dzienne

Ex: Historians unearthed new documents that shed light on the events of the Civil War. 
to speculate
to speculate
[Czasownik]

to form a theory or opinion about a subject without knowing all the facts

spekulować, formułować teorie

spekulować, formułować teorie

Ex: Observing the unusual behavior, scientists began to speculate about the potential causes of the phenomenon. 
healing
healing
[Rzeczownik]

the process of becoming healthy again after an injury or illness

uzdrowienie, gojenie

uzdrowienie, gojenie

Ex: The healing of her broken arm took several weeks, but she eventually regained full mobility. 
curative
curative
[przymiotnik]

able to heal or relieve a medical condition

leczniczy, uzdrawiający

leczniczy, uzdrawiający

Ex: The herb has curative effects on minor wounds. 
Iron Age
Iron Age
[Rzeczownik]

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

Epoka żelaza, Wiek żelaza

Epoka żelaza, Wiek żelaza

Ex: The Iron Age followed the Bronze Age and was marked by the widespread use of iron for tools and weapons. 
Common Era
Common Era
[przysłówek]

used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ

naszej ery, po Chrystusie

naszej ery, po Chrystusie

Ex: The fall of the Western Roman Empire occurred around 476 CE. 
pit
pit
[Rzeczownik]

a large hole in the ground where stones, minerals, or other materials are removed

dół, kamieniołom

dół, kamieniołom

Ex: The workers spent hours digging in the pit to extract the rocks. 
to arise
to arise
[Czasownik]

to begin to exist or become noticeable

powstawać, pojawiać się

powstawać, pojawiać się

Ex: Unexpected challenges can arise during the course of a project, requiring swift problem-solving. 
sandstone
sandstone
[Rzeczownik]

a sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized grains, commonly used in construction for its durability and natural beauty

piaskowiec, kamień piaskowy

piaskowiec, kamień piaskowy

spot
spot
[Rzeczownik]

a specific point or location identified relative to surrounding features in an area or region

miejsce, punkt

miejsce, punkt

Ex: The hikers stopped at a scenic spot on the trail. 
approximately
approximately
[przysłówek]

used to say that something such as a number or amount is not exact

w przybliżeniu, około

w przybliżeniu, około

Ex: The journey will take approximately two hours, depending on traffic. 
finding
finding
[Rzeczownik]

a piece of information discovered as a result of a research

odkrycie, wniosek

odkrycie, wniosek

Ex: The scientist's finding revealed a new way to treat the disease. 
equinox
equinox
[Rzeczownik]

either of the two moments in a year when the Sun, in its apparent motion along the ecliptic, crosses the celestial equator, resulting in approximately equal periods of daylight and darkness worldwide

równonoc, punkt równonocy

równonoc, punkt równonocy

Ex: The spring equinox marks the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere. 
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