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Cambridge IELTS 17 - Akademicki - Test 2 - Czytanie - Fragment 3 (1)

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Cambridge IELTS 17 - Academic
insight
insight
[Rzeczownik]

the intuitive understanding or perception of the inner nature or truth of something

wnikliwość, intuicja

wnikliwość, intuicja

Ex: Her insight into human behavior allowed her to anticipate the reactions of others with remarkable accuracy. 
evolution
evolution
[Rzeczownik]

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

ewolucja

ewolucja

Ex: Evolution is the process by which species change over time in response to environmental pressures. 
innovative
innovative
[przymiotnik]

(of a person) producing creative and original ideas, equipment, methods, etc.

innowacyjny, oryginalny

innowacyjny, oryginalny

Ex: She is an innovative designer who sets trends. 
popularly
popularly
[przysłówek]

in a way that is widely favored or recognized by a large number of people

popularnie, powszechnie

popularnie, powszechnie

Ex: The song was popularly known for its catchy melody and lyrics. 
sheer
sheer
[przymiotnik]

emphasizing the intensity or pureness of a particular quality or emotion

czysty, absolutny

czysty, absolutny

Ex: The sheer determination in his eyes showed that he would not give up. 
intellectual
intellectual
[przymiotnik]

developed or primarily guided by the intellect rather than relying on emotions or personal experience

intelektualny, umysłowy

intelektualny, umysłowy

Ex: His intellectual approach to problem-solving involved thorough research and analysis. 
star
star
[Rzeczownik]

someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field

gwiazda, gwiazdor

gwiazda, gwiazdor

naturalist
naturalist
[Rzeczownik]

a scientist who studies the natural world, including plants, animals, and ecosystems

przyrodnik

przyrodnik

Ex: The naturalist conducted field research to study the behavior of endangered species in their habitat. 
theoretical
theoretical
[przymiotnik]

concerned with understanding and explaining phenomena rather than directly applying them to real-world situations

teoretyczny, abstrakcyjny

teoretyczny, abstrakcyjny

Ex: A theoretical physicist spends years formulating new theories without immediate applications. 
physicist
physicist
[Rzeczownik]

an individual who is trained in physics

fizyk,  fizyczka

fizyk, fizyczka

contribution
contribution
[Rzeczownik]

someone or something's role in achieving a specific result, particularly a positive one

wkład

wkład

Ex: Employees are rewarded based on their individual contributions to the company's success. 
to disregard
to disregard
[Czasownik]

to intentionally ignore or act without concern for something or someone that deserves consideration

ignorować, lekceważyć

ignorować, lekceważyć

Ex: The boss disregarded safety protocols and put workers at risk. 
predecessor
predecessor
[Rzeczownik]

someone who held a position, office, or role before another person

poprzednik, poprzedniczka

poprzednik, poprzedniczka

Ex: The new CEO praised her predecessor for laying a strong foundation. 
wisdom
wisdom
[Rzeczownik]

the quality of being knowledgeable, experienced, and able to make good decisions and judgments

mądrość

mądrość

Ex: The wisdom of the elderly woman was evident in the way she calmly solved problems that others found overwhelming. 
breakthrough
breakthrough
[Rzeczownik]

an important discovery or development that helps improve a situation or answer a problem

przełom, ważne odkrycie

przełom, ważne odkrycie

Ex: The scientist's groundbreaking research led to a major breakthrough in cancer treatment. 
spontaneously
spontaneously
[przysłówek]

in an unplanned or impulsive manner

spontanicznie, impulsywnie

spontanicznie, impulsywnie

Ex: They decided to go on a trip spontaneously after seeing a travel deal. 
to pop into
to pop into
[Czasownik]

to briefly visit a place, often without prior planning or notice

wpaść, zajrzeć

wpaść, zajrzeć

Ex: We decided to pop into the café for a quick coffee. 
functional
functional
[przymiotnik]

made for practical use, not for looks

funkcjonalny

funkcjonalny

Ex: The jacket is functional, with plenty of pockets for storage. 
to misrepresent
to misrepresent
[Czasownik]

to portray imperfectly or incorrectly without deceitful intent

przekazywać nieprawidłowo, błędnie przedstawiać

przekazywać nieprawidłowo, błędnie przedstawiać

Ex: In retelling the story, Steve misrepresented a few minor details but meant no harm. 
realm
realm
[Rzeczownik]

an area of knowledge, interest, or activity that you study, work in, or talk about

dziedzina, sfera

dziedzina, sfera

Ex: Her expertise lies in the realm of astrophysics. 
endeavor
endeavor
[Rzeczownik]

a planned effort or project that often involves courage, skill, or determination

przedsięwzięcie, wysiłek

przedsięwzięcie, wysiłek

Ex: The space mission was a remarkable scientific endeavor. 
to set aside
to set aside
[Czasownik]

to ignore something temporarily in favor of more important matters

odłożyć na bok, tymczasowo zignorować

odłożyć na bok, tymczasowo zignorować

Ex: We had to set aside our biases to make a fair decision. 
monumental
monumental
[przymiotnik]

having exceptional importance or significant impact

monumentalny, wyjątkowy

monumentalny, wyjątkowy

Ex: The completion of the project was a monumental achievement for the team, marking years of dedication and hard work. 
duly
duly
[przysłówek]

in a proper or expected manner

należycie, właściwie

należycie, właściwie

Ex: She duly acknowledged the award with gratitude. 
trial and error

the process of testing a method, an idea, etc. in several ways to achieve the desired outcome

Ex: He learned to fix the machine through trial and error. 
evolutionary
evolutionary
[przymiotnik]

related to evolution or the slow and gradual development of something

ewolucyjny

ewolucyjny

Ex: The evolutionary process has led to the diverse array of life forms we see today. 
to undermine
to undermine
[Czasownik]

to gradually decrease the effectiveness, confidence, or power of something or someone

podkopywać, osłabiać

podkopywać, osłabiać

Ex: Skipping maintenance checks might undermine the long-term reliability of the equipment. 
notion
notion
[Rzeczownik]

a general concept or belief

pojęcie, koncepcja

pojęcie, koncepcja

Ex: She had a notion that he was hiding something from her. 
cumulative
cumulative
[przymiotnik]

increasing gradually as more and more is added

skumulowany, stopniowy

skumulowany, stopniowy

Ex: The cumulative effect of daily exercise is improved physical fitness. 
unheralded
unheralded
[przymiotnik]

without warning or announcement

nieoczekiwany, niezapowiedziany

nieoczekiwany, niezapowiedziany

to postulate
to postulate
[Czasownik]

to suggest or assume the existence or truth of something as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief

postulować,  zakładać

postulować, zakładać

Ex: Philosophers often postulate hypothetical scenarios to explore the limits of moral reasoning. 
to recover
to recover
[Czasownik]

to find or get back something that was lost or stolen

odzyskać,  odzyskiwać

odzyskać, odzyskiwać

Ex: The police were able to recover the stolen artwork after a lengthy investigation. 
periodic table
periodic table
[Rzeczownik]

a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties

układ okresowy, układ okresowy pierwiastków

układ okresowy, układ okresowy pierwiastków

Ex: The periodic table, devised by Dmitri Mendeleev, categorizes elements into rows and columns based on their properties. 
noteworthy
noteworthy
[przymiotnik]

deserving of attention due to importance, excellence, or notable qualities

godny uwagi, znaczący

godny uwagi, znaczący

Ex: Her performance in the play was noteworthy, earning praise from critics and audiences alike. 
amid
amid
[Przyimek]

during a particular situation or condition

wśród, podczas

wśród, podczas

Ex: The negotiations continued amid ongoing tensions between the two nations. 
fanciful
fanciful
[przymiotnik]

coming from the imagination rather than facts

fantazyjny, zmyślony

fantazyjny, zmyślony

Ex: The fanciful tales of dragons and wizards delighted the children gathered around the storyteller. 
wild
wild
[przymiotnik]

lacking a basis in reason or fact and not supported by evidence or logic

nierozsądny, fantazyjny

nierozsądny, fantazyjny

speculation
speculation
[Rzeczownik]

the creation of theories or opinions about something with no fact or proof

spekulacja

spekulacja

Ex: The stock market is often influenced by speculation about future trends. 
to propose
to propose
[Czasownik]

to put forward a suggestion, plan, or idea for consideration

proponować, sugerować

proponować, sugerować

Ex: He proposed a new strategy for increasing productivity during the team meeting, outlining specific steps for implementation. 
novel
novel
[przymiotnik]

new and unlike anything else

nowy, oryginalny

nowy, oryginalny

Ex: Her novel approach to problem-solving impressed the entire team with its creativity and effectiveness. 
father
father
[Rzeczownik]

a person who holds a significant or distinguished position within an organization

ojciec, założyciel

ojciec, założyciel

Ex: He is a father of the scientific community. 
to jump off
to jump off
[Czasownik]

to start something with a rapid and successful beginning

rozpocząć, rozpocząć z sukcesem

rozpocząć, rozpocząć z sukcesem

Ex: She was determined to make her singing career jump off with a memorable performance. 
to conceive
to conceive
[Czasownik]

to produce a plan, idea, etc. in one's mind

wymyślić, wyobrazić sobie

wymyślić, wyobrazić sobie

Ex: The architect conceived a visionary design for the futuristic building. 
to conclude
to conclude
[Czasownik]

to come to a personal determination or belief after considering information or experiences

wnioskować, dojść do wniosku

wnioskować, dojść do wniosku

Ex: After much thought, she concluded that it was time to move on from her job. 
collective
collective
[przymiotnik]

involving, done, or shared by all members of a group

zbiorowy, wspólny

zbiorowy, wspólny

Ex: The collective efforts of the volunteers resulted in a successful charity event. 
biological
biological
[przymiotnik]

relating to the science that explores living organisms and their functions

biologiczny

biologiczny

Ex: Biological research investigates the genetic makeup of different species. 
organism
organism
[Rzeczownik]

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

organizm, istota żywa

organizm, istota żywa

Ex: The pond ecosystem is home to a variety of organisms, including fish, algae, and bacteria. 
characteristic
characteristic
[Rzeczownik]

a notable feature or quality that defines or describes something

cecha, charakterystyka

cecha, charakterystyka

Ex: Her kindness is a characteristic everyone notices. 
genetic mutation
genetic mutation
[Rzeczownik]

(genetics) any event that changes genetic structure; any alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype of an organism

mutacja genetyczna, zmiana genetyczna

mutacja genetyczna, zmiana genetyczna

arbitrary
arbitrary
[przymiotnik]

not based on reason but on chance or personal impulse, which is often unfair

arbitralny, kapryśny

arbitralny, kapryśny

Ex: The decision to increase prices seemed arbitrary, as there was no clear reason given. 
to [pave] the way (for|to) {sth}

to create a situation in which it is easier for one to do something or for something to happen

utorować drogę, przygotować grunt

utorować drogę, przygotować grunt

Ex: Her years of hard work and dedication paved the way for her promotion to the role of department manager. 
beneficial
beneficial
[przymiotnik]

having a positive effect or helpful result

korzystny, pożyteczny

korzystny, pożyteczny

Ex: Taking breaks during work is beneficial for productivity. 
to thrive
to thrive
[Czasownik]

to grow and develop exceptionally well

rozkwitać, prosperować

rozkwitać, prosperować

Ex: Despite the challenges, the small business managed to thrive in a competitive market. 
to reproduce
to reproduce
[Czasownik]

to create a copy of something

reprodukować, kopiować

reprodukować, kopiować

Ex: The artist reproduced the famous painting using oil paints. 
domain
domain
[Rzeczownik]

the scope or range of knowledge, interest, or expertise in a particular field

dziedzina, obszar

dziedzina, obszar

Ex: Quantum mechanics lies outside my domain of study. 
stirrup
stirrup
[Rzeczownik]

support consisting of metal loops into which rider's feet go

strzemię

strzemię

to confer
to confer
[Czasownik]

to give an official degree, title, right, etc. to someone

nadawać, przyznawać

nadawać, przyznawać

Ex: The university will confer degrees upon the graduating students during the commencement ceremony. 
relatively
relatively
[przysłówek]

to a specific degree, particularly when compared to other similar things

stosunkowo, w porównaniu

stosunkowo, w porównaniu

Ex: The test was relatively easy compared to the last one. 
jockey
jockey
[Rzeczownik]

a person who rides horses in races

dżokej, jeździec

dżokej, jeździec

Ex: The jockey guided the horse to a thrilling victory in the final race. 
to conduct
to conduct
[Czasownik]

to direct or participate in the management, organization, or execution of something

kierować, przeprowadzać

kierować, przeprowadzać

Ex: The experienced project manager will conduct the team in implementing the new software. 
methodical
methodical
[przymiotnik]

done in a careful, systematic, and organized manner

metodyczny, systematyczny

metodyczny, systematyczny

Ex: The scientist conducted her research in a methodical way, recording data systematically and following a precise methodology. 
extensive
extensive
[przymiotnik]

significantly great in quantity

rozległy, obszerny

rozległy, obszerny

Ex: She has an extensive collection of rare books from around the world. 
shrewd
shrewd
[przymiotnik]

having or showing good judgement, especially in business or politics

sprytny, przenikliwy

sprytny, przenikliwy

Ex: The shrewd businessman knew when to invest and when to hold back, ensuring steady growth for his company. 
to outrun
to outrun
[Czasownik]

to move at a greater speed than someone or something

wyprzedzić, zostawić w tyle

wyprzedzić, zostawić w tyle

Ex: Despite his initial lead, the sprinter couldn't outrun the fastest competitor in the final lap. 
to foresee
to foresee
[Czasownik]

to know or predict something before it happens

przewidzieć, przeczuć

przewidzieć, przeczuć

Ex: Despite all their planning, they didn't foresee the power outage during the event. 
modification
modification
[Rzeczownik]

the act of making small changes in something, usually for an enhancement

modyfikacja, zmiana

modyfikacja, zmiana

Ex: The modification of the car’s engine increased its performance. 
to coincide
to coincide
[Czasownik]

to occur at the same time as something else

zbiegać się, pokrywać się

zbiegać się, pokrywać się

Ex: Her birthday coincides with the start of the school year. 
enhanced
enhanced
[przymiotnik]

improved in value, quality, or performance

ulepszony, wzmocniony

ulepszony, wzmocniony

Ex: The enhanced security features of the new software ensured better protection against cyber threats. 
widespread
widespread
[przymiotnik]

existing or spreading among many people, groups, or communities through communication, influence, or awareness

rozpowszechniony, powszechny

rozpowszechniony, powszechny

Ex: The misinformation about the new policy became widespread on social media. 
adoption
adoption
[Rzeczownik]

the action of starting to use a certain plan, name, method, or idea

przyjęcie, adopcja

przyjęcie, adopcja

Ex: The company's rapid adoption of new technology gave it a competitive edge in the market. 
to glean
to glean
[Czasownik]

to carefully collect small amounts of information, facts, or knowledge over time from different sources

zbierać, wydobywać

zbierać, wydobywać

Ex: She gleaned useful tips from the interview. 
thoroughbred racing

the sport of racing thoroughbred horses

wyścigi pełnej krwi

wyścigi pełnej krwi

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