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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic - Testul 3 - Lectură - Pasajul 2 (1)

Învață vocabular din prima parte a Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic, Test 3 Reading Passage 2, cu cuvinte și expresii utile din text.

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
global
global
[adjectiv]

regarding or affecting the entire world

global, mondial

global, mondial

Ex: The pandemic has had a global impact on public health, economies, and daily life. 

Pandemia a avut un impact global asupra sănătății publice, economiilor și vieții de zi cu zi.

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importance
importance
[substantiv]

the quality or state of being significant or having a strong influence on something

importanță, semnificație

importanță, semnificație

Ex: She recognized the importance of being punctual for the meeting. 
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wetland
wetland
[substantiv]

an area of land characterized by its soil, water, and vegetation, where the water table is at or near the surface for a significant part of the year

zonă umedă, mlaștină

zonă umedă, mlaștină

Ex: The Everglades in Florida is a vast wetland ecosystem known for its unique mix of marshes, swamps, and wet prairies. 

Everglades din Florida este un vast ecosistem de zone umede cunoscut pentru amestecul său unic de mlaștini, mlaștini și preri umede.

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soil
soil
[substantiv]

the black or brownish substance consisted of organic remains, rock particles, and clay that forms the upper layer of earth where trees or other plants grow

pământ, sol

pământ, sol

Ex: She planted the flowers in the rich, dark soil of the garden. 
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present
present
[adjectiv]

(of things) being in a specific place or thing

prezent, disponibil

prezent, disponibil

Ex: The necessary documents were present on the table for the lawyer to review. 
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complex
complex
[adjectiv]

having or made of several parts

complex, complicat

complex, complicat

Ex: The novel's plot is complex, with multiple intertwined storylines. 
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ecosystem
ecosystem
[substantiv]

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

ecosistem, sistem ecologic

ecosistem, sistem ecologic

Ex: Coral reefs are diverse ecosystems that support a wide range of marine life. 

Recifele de corali sunt ecosisteme diverse care susțin o gamă largă de viață marină.

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unique
unique
[adjectiv]

unlike anything else and distinguished by individuality

unic, singular

unic, singular

Ex: Each snowflake is unique with its own pattern. 

Fiecare fulg de zăpadă este unic cu propriul său model.

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according to
according to
[prepoziție]

in regard to what someone has said or written

conform, după

conform, după

Ex: According to John's email, the meeting has been rescheduled to Friday. 

Conform e-mailului lui John, întâlnirea a fost reprogramată pentru vineri.

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fund
fund
[substantiv]

a financial entity that pools investors' money and invests it in securities

fond, fond de investiții

fond, fond de investiții

Ex: The fund invests in a mix of bonds and stocks. 
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to disappear

to no longer exist or be used

dispărea,  înceta să mai existe

dispărea, înceta să mai existe

Ex: Some species of animals have disappeared from this area. 
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to convert

to change the form, purpose, character, etc. of something

transforma, converti

transforma, converti

Ex: She decided to convert the spare room into a home office for remote work. 
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commercial
commercial
[adjectiv]

related to the purchasing and selling of different goods and services

comercial

comercial

Ex: The city is known for its bustling commercial district. 
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drainage
drainage
[substantiv]

the process of removing excess water or other liquids from an area or system, typically through a network of pipes, channels, or natural slopes

drenaj, scurgerea apei

drenaj, scurgerea apei

Ex: The local government is focusing on improving the drainage in areas prone to flooding during the rainy season. 
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scheme
scheme
[substantiv]

an organized and carefully planned course of action

plan, proiect

plan, proiect

Ex: She developed a scheme for improving efficiency. 
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extraction
extraction
[substantiv]

the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means

extracție, extragerea

extracție, extragerea

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mineral
mineral
[substantiv]

a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a characteristic chemical composition and physical structure

mineral

mineral

Ex: Quartz is one of the most common minerals in Earth's crust. 
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peat
peat
[substantiv]

a brownish substance, often found under the ground or in regions with wet climate, formed by plants dying and becoming buried, that once added to the soil, can enhance its quality and help plants grow faster

turbă, substanță turbă

turbă, substanță turbă

Ex: The gardener used peat to improve the soil’s ability to hold water during dry spells. 
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to remain
to remain
[verb]

to stay in existence after other parts or elements have disappeared or been used up

rămâne, supraviețui

rămâne, supraviețui

Ex: After the floodwaters receded, only a few scattered belongings remained on the shore. 
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to damage
to damage
[verb]

to physically harm something

deteriora, strica

deteriora, strica

Ex: Careless handling of the fragile items could easily damage them. 
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agricultural
agricultural
[adjectiv]

related to the practice or science of farming

agricol, agrar

agricol, agrar

Ex: Agricultural practices involve the growing of crops and raising of livestock for food production. 

Practicile agricole implică cultivarea culturilor și creșterea animalelor pentru producția de alimente.

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pesticide
pesticide
[substantiv]

a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops

pesticid, substanță dăunătoare insectelor

pesticid, substanță dăunătoare insectelor

Ex: Some people prefer organic farming methods that avoid using synthetic pesticides. 

Unii oameni preferă metodele de agricultură organică care evită utilizarea pesticidelor sintetice.

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fertiliser
fertiliser
[substantiv]

any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile

îngrășământ, fertilizant

îngrășământ, fertilizant

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industrial
industrial
[adjectiv]

related to the manufacturing or production of goods on a large scale

industrial, fabril

industrial, fabril

Ex: The city's economy thrived due to its industrial base, which included manufacturing plants and factories. 

Economia orașului a prosperat datorită bazei sale industriale, care includea fabrici de producție și fabrici.

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pollutant
pollutant
[substantiv]

any substance that is harmful to the environment

poluant, substanță poluantă

poluant, substanță poluantă

Ex: Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas pollutant emitted from burning fossil fuels. 
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construction
construction
[substantiv]

the process of building or creating something, such as structures, machines, or infrastructure

construcție

construcție

Ex: Noise from the construction site disturbed the neighborhood. 
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to gather
to gather
[verb]

to come together in a place, typically for a specific purpose or activity

a se aduna, a se întâlni

a se aduna, a se întâlni

Ex: As the evening progresses, friends gather at the local cafe for coffee. 
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fertile
fertile
[adjectiv]

(of land or soil) able to produce crops or plants well

fertil

fertil

Ex: The fertile soil in the valley yielded abundant harvests of wheat and corn each year. 

Solul fertil din vale a produs recolte abundente de grâu și porumb în fiecare an.

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to play
to play
[verb]

to actively influence or impact a situation, event, or outcome

juca, influența

juca, influența

Ex: Her positive attitude played a key role in motivating the team to achieve their goals. 
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development
development
[substantiv]

a process or state in which something becomes more advanced, stronger, etc.

dezvoltare

dezvoltare

Ex: The project saw significant development over the past year. 
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consequently
consequently
[adverb]

used to indicate a logical result or effect

prin urmare,  deci

prin urmare, deci

Ex: The team neglected to conduct thorough testing, and consequently, several critical errors emerged in the final product. 

Echipa a neglijat să efectueze teste amănunțite și, în consecință, au apărut mai multe erori critice în produsul final.

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considerable
considerable
[adjectiv]

large in quantity, extent, or degree

considerabil, mare

considerabil, mare

Ex: The project required a considerable amount of funding to cover all expenses and ensure its success. 

Proiectul a necesitat o sumă considerabilă de finanțare pentru a acoperi toate cheltuielile și a-i asigura succesul.

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historical
historical
[adjectiv]

related to the study or depiction of events, people, or objects from the past

istoric

istoric

Ex: They visited a historical site to learn more about the region's heritage. 

Au vizitat un sit istoric pentru a afla mai multe despre patrimoniul regiunii.

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archeological
archeological
[adjectiv]

related to the study or exploration of human history and prehistory through the excavation of artifacts and sites

arheologic

arheologic

Ex: The archeological team unearthed ancient pottery shards near the riverbank. 

Echipa arheologică a descoperit fragmente de ceramică antică lângă malul râului.

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livelihood
livelihood
[substantiv]

the resources or activities upon which an individual or household depends for their sustenance and survival

mijloc de trai, sursă de venit

mijloc de trai, sursă de venit

Ex: Farming is the primary livelihood for many rural communities, providing food and income. 

Agricultura este principala sursă de trai pentru multe comunități rurale, oferind hrană și venituri.

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well-being
well-being
[substantiv]

the state of being healthy, safe, and feeling content

bunăstare

bunăstare

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million
million
[substantiv]

a very large indefinite number (usually hyperbole)

milion, mulțime

milion, mulțime

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principal
principal
[adjectiv]

having the highest importance or influence

principal, de bază

principal, de bază

Ex: The principal challenge in the negotiation process is reaching a mutually beneficial agreement. 
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hydrologist
hydrologist
[substantiv]

a geologist skilled in hydrology

hidrolog, geolog specializat în hidrologie

hidrolog, geolog specializat în hidrologie

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institute
institute
[substantiv]

an organization focused on a specific field of study or training, offering programs and services related to science, technology, medicine, business, or the arts

institut, instituție

institut, instituție

Ex: She works at a research institute that studies infectious diseases. 
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developing country
developing country
[substantiv]

a country that is seeking industrial development and is moving away from an economic system that is based mainly on agriculture

țară în curs de dezvoltare, țară emergentă

țară în curs de dezvoltare, țară emergentă

Ex: Many developing countries are investing heavily in infrastructure to boost their industrial sectors. 

Multe țări în curs de dezvoltare investesc masiv în infrastructură pentru a-și stimula sectoarele industriale.

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dependent on
dependent on
[adjectiv]

being determined by conditions or circumstances that follow

dependent de,  supus

dependent de, supus

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agriculture
agriculture
[substantiv]

the business of using the land to grow and take care of crops and livestock

agricultură

agricultură

Ex: Many families in the area depend on agriculture for their income. 
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to serve
to serve
[verb]

to be of use or help in fulfilling or accomplishing something

a servi, a fi util

a servi, a fi util

Ex: Art serves an important function in our society. 
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crucial
crucial
[adjectiv]

extremely important or essential

crucial, esențial

crucial, esențial

Ex: It is crucial to follow safety guidelines. 

Este crucial să urmați instrucțiunile de siguranță.

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tool
tool
[substantiv]

the means whereby some act is accomplished

unealtă, instrument

unealtă, instrument

Ex: Education is a powerful tool for improving people's opportunities. 
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to mitigate

to lessen something's seriousness, severity, or painfulness

mitiga, atenua

mitiga, atenua

Ex: Planting more trees can mitigate the impact of climate change. 

Plantarea mai multor copaci poate mitiga impactul schimbărilor climatice.

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head
head
[substantiv]

a person in a leadership or authority position within a specific organization or group

șef, director

șef, director

Ex: Mr. Smith is the head of our department. 
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adaptation
adaptation
[substantiv]

the process by which organisms evolve traits that improve their chances of survival and reproduction in a particular environment

adaptare, aclimatizare

adaptare, aclimatizare

Ex: Camouflage is an adaptation that helps animals avoid predators. 
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to point
to point
[verb]

to focus or direct something towards a specific target

îndrepta, arăta

îndrepta, arăta

Ex: The child pointed his toy gun at the target on the wall. 
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coastal
coastal
[adjectiv]

related to or situated along the coast, the area where land meets the sea

litoral, de coastă

litoral, de coastă

Ex: Coastal erosion is a natural process that reshapes shorelines over time. 

Eroziunea litorală este un proces natural care remodelează liniile de coastă în timp.

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extreme
extreme
[adjectiv]

very high in intensity or degree

extrem, intens

extrem, intens

Ex: The athlete pushed their body to its extreme limits in order to achieve peak performance. 
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flooding
flooding
[substantiv]

the fact or presence of water covering a part of land that is typically dry

inundație

inundație

Ex: The heavy rain led to severe flooding in low-lying areas near the river. 

Ploaia torențială a dus la inundații severe în zonele joase din apropierea râului.

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shelter
shelter
[substantiv]

a building, structure, or covered place that provides protection from weather, danger, or harm

Ex: The hikers found a small shelter where they could escape the storm. 
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agency
agency
[substantiv]

a business or organization that provides services to other parties, especially by representing them in transactions

agenție, birou

agenție, birou

Ex: An employment agency connects job seekers with potential employers. 
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to restore

to bring something back into existence or operation, especially after a period of inactivity or decline

restabili, restaura

restabili, restaura

Ex: The new manager's goal is to restore morale and productivity in the struggling department. 
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to lose
to lose
[verb]

to experience a reduction or decrease in the quantity or amount of something

pierde, reduce

pierde, reduce

Ex: She's been working hard to lose excess body fat. 
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to plant
to plant
[verb]

to put a seed, plant, etc. in the ground to grow

planta

planta

Ex: It's a family tradition to plant a new tree for each child's first birthday. 
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buffer
buffer
[substantiv]

something that acts like a shield or barrier to protect from harm, damage, or stress

tampon, barieră

tampon, barieră

Ex: This savings account is a buffer in case of emergency. 

Acest cont de economii este un tampon în caz de urgență.

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