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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Akademicki - Test 3 - Czytanie - Fragment 2 (1)

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
global
global
[przymiotnik]

regarding or affecting the entire world

globalny, światowy

globalny, światowy

Ex: The pandemic has had a global impact on public health, economies, and daily life. 
importance
importance
[Rzeczownik]

the quality or state of being significant or having a strong influence on something

znaczenie, waga

znaczenie, waga

Ex: The importance of education cannot be overstated in shaping a person's future. 
wetland
wetland
[Rzeczownik]

an area of land characterized by its soil, water, and vegetation, where the water table is at or near the surface for a significant part of the year

obszar podmokły, bagno

obszar podmokły, bagno

Ex: The Everglades in Florida is a vast wetland ecosystem known for its unique mix of marshes, swamps, and wet prairies. 
soil
soil
[Rzeczownik]

the black or brownish substance consisted of organic remains, rock particles, and clay that forms the upper layer of earth where trees or other plants grow

gleba, ziemia

gleba, ziemia

Ex: The gardeners enriched the soil with compost to improve plant growth. 
present
present
[przymiotnik]

(of things) being in a specific place or thing

obecny, dostępny

obecny, dostępny

Ex: The necessary documents were present on the table for the lawyer to review. 
complex
complex
[przymiotnik]

having or made of several parts

złożony, skomplikowany

złożony, skomplikowany

Ex: The human brain is a complex organ with billions of interconnected neurons. 
ecosystem
ecosystem
[Rzeczownik]

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

ekosystem, system ekologiczny

ekosystem, system ekologiczny

Ex: Coral reefs are diverse ecosystems that support a wide range of marine life. 
unique
unique
[przymiotnik]

unlike anything else and distinguished by individuality

unikalny, niepowtarzalny

unikalny, niepowtarzalny

Ex: Each snowflake is unique with its own pattern. 
according to
according to
[Przyimek]

in regard to what someone has said or written

według, zgodnie z

według, zgodnie z

Ex: According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. 
fund
fund
[Rzeczownik]

a financial entity that pools investors' money and invests it in securities

fundusz, fundusz inwestycyjny

fundusz, fundusz inwestycyjny

Ex: She put her savings into an equity fund. 
to disappear
to disappear
[Czasownik]

to no longer exist or be used

znikać,  przestawać istnieć

znikać, przestawać istnieć

Ex: Many old traditions have disappeared over time. 
to convert
to convert
[Czasownik]

to change the form, purpose, character, etc. of something

przekształcać, konwertować

przekształcać, konwertować

Ex: She decided to convert the spare room into a home office for remote work. 
commercial
commercial
[przymiotnik]

related to the purchasing and selling of different goods and services

komercyjny

komercyjny

Ex: Commercial transactions involve the exchange of goods or services for money. 
drainage
drainage
[Rzeczownik]

the process of removing excess water or other liquids from an area or system, typically through a network of pipes, channels, or natural slopes

drenaż, odwadnianie

drenaż, odwadnianie

Ex: Proper drainage is essential for maintaining the health of the garden and preventing waterlogging. 
scheme
scheme
[Rzeczownik]

an organized and carefully planned course of action

plan, projekt

plan, projekt

Ex: The company launched a scheme to expand internationally. 
extraction
extraction
[Rzeczownik]

the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means

ekstrakcja, wydobycie

ekstrakcja, wydobycie

mineral
mineral
[Rzeczownik]

a solid, naturally occurring substance with a specific chemical composition, typically found in the earth's crust, such as gold, copper, etc.

minerał

minerał

Ex: Quartz is a common mineral found in many types of rocks. 
peat
peat
[Rzeczownik]

a brownish substance, often found under the ground or in regions with wet climate, formed by plants dying and becoming buried, that once added to the soil, can enhance its quality and help plants grow faster

torf, substancja torfowa

torf, substancja torfowa

Ex: The gardener used peat to improve the soil’s ability to hold water during dry spells. 
to remain
to remain
[Czasownik]

to stay in existence after other parts or elements have disappeared or been used up

pozostawać, przetrwać

pozostawać, przetrwać

Ex: The ancient ruins are all that remain of the once-thriving civilization. 
to damage
to damage
[Czasownik]

to physically harm something

uszkodzić, zniszczyć

uszkodzić, zniszczyć

Ex: The storm's strong winds and hailstones damaged the roof of the house. 
agricultural
agricultural
[przymiotnik]

related to the practice or science of farming

rolniczy, agrarny

rolniczy, agrarny

Ex: Agricultural practices involve the growing of crops and raising of livestock for food production. 
pesticide
pesticide
[Rzeczownik]

a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops

pestycyd, środek owadobójczy

pestycyd, środek owadobójczy

Ex: The farmer applied pesticide to protect his crops from harmful insects. 
fertiliser
fertiliser
[Rzeczownik]

any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile

nawóz, środek użyźniający

nawóz, środek użyźniający

industrial
industrial
[przymiotnik]

related to the manufacturing or production of goods on a large scale

przemysłowy, industrialny

przemysłowy, industrialny

Ex: The city's economy thrived due to its industrial base, which included manufacturing plants and factories. 
pollutant
pollutant
[Rzeczownik]

any substance that is harmful to the environment

zanieczyszczenie, substancja zanieczyszczająca

zanieczyszczenie, substancja zanieczyszczająca

Ex: Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas pollutant emitted from burning fossil fuels. 
construction
construction
[Rzeczownik]

the process of building or creating something, such as structures, machines, or infrastructure

budowa

budowa

Ex: The construction of the new hospital is ahead of schedule. 
to gather
to gather
[Czasownik]

to come together in a place, typically for a specific purpose or activity

zbierać się, gromadzić się

zbierać się, gromadzić się

Ex: Every Sunday, the family gathers for a meal at Grandma's house. 
fertile
fertile
[przymiotnik]

(of land or soil) able to produce crops or plants well

żyzny

żyzny

Ex: The fertile soil in the valley yielded abundant harvests of wheat and corn each year. 
to play
to play
[Czasownik]

to actively influence or impact a situation, event, or outcome

grać, wpływać

grać, wpływać

Ex: Every citizen has a role to play in building a strong and cohesive community. 
development
development
[Rzeczownik]

a process or state in which something becomes more advanced, stronger, etc.

rozwój

rozwój

Ex: The development of new technologies has transformed modern life. 
consequently
consequently
[przysłówek]

used to indicate a logical result or effect

w konsekwencji,  dlatego

w konsekwencji, dlatego

Ex: The team neglected to conduct thorough testing, and consequently, several critical errors emerged in the final product. 
considerable
considerable
[przymiotnik]

large in quantity, extent, or degree

znaczny, duży

znaczny, duży

Ex: The project required a considerable amount of funding to cover all expenses and ensure its success. 
historical
historical
[przymiotnik]

related to the study or depiction of events, people, or objects from the past

historyczny

historyczny

Ex: Her research focused on the historical significance of medieval architecture. 
archeological
archeological
[przymiotnik]

related to the study or exploration of human history and prehistory through the excavation of artifacts and sites

archeologiczny

archeologiczny

Ex: The archeological team unearthed ancient pottery shards near the riverbank. 
livelihood
livelihood
[Rzeczownik]

the resources or activities upon which an individual or household depends for their sustenance and survival

środki do życia, utrzymanie

środki do życia, utrzymanie

Ex: Farming is the primary livelihood for many rural communities, providing food and income. 
well-being
well-being
[Rzeczownik]

the state of being healthy, safe, and feeling content

dobrostan

dobrostan

million
million
[Rzeczownik]

a very large indefinite number (usually hyperbole)

milion, mnóstwo

milion, mnóstwo

principal
principal
[przymiotnik]

having the highest importance or influence

główny, podstawowy

główny, podstawowy

Ex: The principal aim of the initiative is to reduce carbon emissions. 
hydrologist
hydrologist
[Rzeczownik]

a geologist skilled in hydrology

hydrolog, geolog specjalizujący się w hydrologii

hydrolog, geolog specjalizujący się w hydrologii

institute
institute
[Rzeczownik]

an organization focused on a specific field of study or training, offering programs and services related to science, technology, medicine, business, or the arts

instytut, zakład

instytut, zakład

developing country
developing country
[Rzeczownik]

a country that is seeking industrial development and is moving away from an economic system that is based mainly on agriculture

kraj rozwijający się, kraj rozwijany

kraj rozwijający się, kraj rozwijany

Ex: Many developing countries are investing heavily in infrastructure to boost their industrial sectors. 
dependent on
dependent on
[przymiotnik]

being determined by conditions or circumstances that follow

zależny od,  podlegający

zależny od, podlegający

agriculture
agriculture
[Rzeczownik]

the business of using the land to grow and take care of crops and livestock

rolnictwo

rolnictwo

to serve
to serve
[Czasownik]

to be of use or help in fulfilling or accomplishing something

służyć, być użytecznym

służyć, być użytecznym

Ex: A large cardboard box will serve the purpose. 
crucial
crucial
[przymiotnik]

extremely important or essential

kluczowy, istotny

kluczowy, istotny

Ex: It is crucial to follow safety guidelines. 
tool
tool
[Rzeczownik]

the means whereby some act is accomplished

narzędzie, środek

narzędzie, środek

to mitigate
to mitigate
[Czasownik]

to lessen something's seriousness, severity, or painfulness

łagodzić, zmniejszać

łagodzić, zmniejszać

Ex: Planting more trees can mitigate the impact of climate change. 
head
head
[Rzeczownik]

a person in a leadership or authority position within a specific organization or group

głowa, kierownik

głowa, kierownik

Ex: As the head of marketing, she has many responsibilities. 
adaptation
adaptation
[Rzeczownik]

the process by which organisms evolve traits that improve their chances of survival and reproduction in a particular environment

adaptacja, przystosowanie

adaptacja, przystosowanie

Ex: Camouflage is an adaptation that helps animals avoid predators. 
to point
to point
[Czasownik]

to focus or direct something towards a specific target

wskazywać, kierować

wskazywać, kierować

Ex: The child pointed his toy gun at the target on the wall. 
coastal
coastal
[przymiotnik]

related to or situated along the coast, the area where land meets the sea

nadbrzeżny, przybrzeżny

nadbrzeżny, przybrzeżny

Ex: Coastal erosion is a natural process that reshapes shorelines over time. 
extreme
extreme
[przymiotnik]

very high in intensity or degree

ekstremalny, intensywny

ekstremalny, intensywny

Ex: The hikers faced extreme weather conditions during their ascent, including freezing temperatures and high winds. 
flooding
flooding
[Rzeczownik]

the fact or presence of water covering a part of land that is typically dry

powódź

powódź

Ex: The heavy rain led to severe flooding in low-lying areas near the river. 
shelter
shelter
[Rzeczownik]

a structure offering protection and privacy from danger

schronienie, schron

schronienie, schron

Ex: The hikers found a shelter in the forest during the storm. 
agency
agency
[Rzeczownik]

a business or organization that provides services to other parties, especially by representing them in transactions

agencja, biuro

agencja, biuro

Ex: A real estate agency helps facilitate transactions between property buyers and sellers. 
to restore
to restore
[Czasownik]

to bring something back into existence or operation, especially after a period of inactivity or decline

przywrócić, odrestaurować

przywrócić, odrestaurować

Ex: The firefighters worked tirelessly to restore electricity to the neighborhood after the blackout. 
to lose
to lose
[Czasownik]

to experience a reduction or decrease in the quantity or amount of something

tracić, zmniejszać

tracić, zmniejszać

Ex: She's been working hard to lose excess body fat. 
to plant
to plant
[Czasownik]

to put a seed, plant, etc. in the ground to grow

sadzić

sadzić

Ex: Each spring, the community comes together to plant flowers in the town square. 
buffer
buffer
[Rzeczownik]

something that acts like a shield or barrier to protect from harm, damage, or stress

bufor, bariera

bufor, bariera

Ex: Trees act as a buffer between the road and the houses. 
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