Науки ACT - Biology
Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с биологией, такие как «разложение», «ассимиляция», «вирион» и т. д., которые помогут вам улучшить свои навыки ACT.
Обзор
Флэш-карточки
Правописание
Тест
a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own
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организм
a substance that provides nutrients and conditions for the growth of cells or microorganisms
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питательная среда, среда для выращивания
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the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH
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культура, клеточная культура
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the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use
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обмен веществ
a small amount of something such as urine, blood, etc. that is taken for examination
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образец
a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species
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штамм, вариант
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(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
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выделять
to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat
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экскретировать, испускать
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a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms
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эукариот
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a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organism
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бесполое размножение
a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes
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мейоз
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a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
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митоз
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the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functions
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интерфаза, фаза интерфейса
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the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division
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профаза
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the stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes align in pairs along the equator of the cell, preparing for their separation into haploid daughter cells
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метафаза
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the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers
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анагенез
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the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number
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телофаза, телофаза I
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to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi
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биодеградировать, разлагаться
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any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolites
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биомолекула, биологическая молекула
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the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment
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биоразнообразие
a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data
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биоинформатика, биологическая информатика
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not causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systems
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биосовместимый, биосовместимый
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a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations
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биометрия, биометрические данные
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a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them
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слизь
the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms
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микробиология
a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate
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вирион, вирусная частица
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the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations
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обусловливание, дрессировка
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a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth
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питательное вещество
an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systems
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биомимикрия, имитация природы
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a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes
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гамета
the collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes, that inhabit a particular environment
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микробиом, микробиота
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the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other
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экология
refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence
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антропогенный, вызванный человеческой деятельностью
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tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature
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экотуризм
the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia
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мотивность, движение
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a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments
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протист
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reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species
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гомологичный
the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage
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биолуминисценция
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a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies
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гидроид
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the process by which a differentiated cell changes its identity and adopts the characteristics of a different cell type
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трансп differentiation, транскапиляция
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the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate
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мицелий
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(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction
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мутивалист
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describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
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комменсальный, симбиотический
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a mutually beneficial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi where the fungus colonizes the root system, facilitating nutrient uptake from the soil
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микориза, микоризы
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(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells
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ассимилировать, впитывать
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a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions
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спора
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the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water
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биомасса
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related to how living things are categorized based on their similarities
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таксономический, таксономическая
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a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms
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петри-диша, Петри-тарелка
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a gelatinous substance derived from seaweed and used as a gelling agent in various food
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агар
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the scientific study of how the universe is created, its development, and how it is going to end
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космология
the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem
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разложение, деградация
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the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds
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субстрат, основа
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capable of triggering an increase in the activity or responsiveness of the cell or organism
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возбуждающий, эксцитаторный
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a single-celled organism used extensively in biological research as a model organism
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древесная дрожь, дрожжи деления
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the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively
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адаптация
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a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape
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амеба
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a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels
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физиолог
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