АКТ Наука - Biology
Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с биологией, такие как «разложение», «ассимиляция», «вирион» и т. д., которые помогут вам улучшить свои навыки ACT.
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a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own
организм
a substance that provides nutrients and conditions for the growth of cells or microorganisms
питательная среда
the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH
культура
the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use
метаболизм
a small amount of something such as urine, blood, etc. that is taken for examination
образец
a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species
штамм
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
секретировать
to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat
экскретировать
a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms
эукариот
a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organism
асексуальное размножение
a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction
мейоз
a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
митоз
the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functions
интерфаза
the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division
профаза
the stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes align in pairs along the equator of the cell, preparing for their separation into haploid daughter cells
метафаза
the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers
анагенез
the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number
телофаза
to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi
биодеградировать
any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolites
биомолекула
the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment
биот diversidade
a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data
биоинформатика
not causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systems
биосовместимый
a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations
биометрия
a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them
слизь
the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms
микробиология
a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate
вирион
the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations
обусловливание
a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth
питательное вещество
an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systems
биомимикрия
a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes
гамет
the collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes, that inhabit a particular environment
микробиом
the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other
экология
refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence
антропогенный
tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature
экотуризм
the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia
мотивность
a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments
протист
reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species
гомологичный
the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage
биолуминисценция
a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies
гидроид
the process by which a differentiated cell changes its identity and adopts the characteristics of a different cell type
трансп differentiation
the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate
мицелий
(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction
мутивалист
describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
комменсальный
a mutually beneficial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi where the fungus colonizes the root system, facilitating nutrient uptake from the soil
микориза
(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells
ассимилировать
a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions
спора
the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water
биомасса
related to how living things are categorized based on their similarities
таксономический
a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms
петри-диша
a gelatinous substance derived from seaweed and used as a gelling agent in various food
агар
the scientific study of how the universe is created, its development, and how it is going to end
космология
the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem
разложение
(of organisms or cells) lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, with genetic material free-floating within the cell
прокариотный
the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds
субстрат
capable of triggering an increase in the activity or responsiveness of the cell or organism
возбуждающий
a single-celled organism used extensively in biological research as a model organism
древесная дрожь
the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively
адаптация
a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape
амеба
a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels
физиолог
(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family
род