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Věda ACT - Biologie

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s biologií, jako je „decomposition“, „asimilate“, „virion“ atd., která vám pomohou zvládnout vaše ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
organism

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

žijící věc

žijící věc

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[Podstatné jméno]
growth medium

a substance that provides nutrients and conditions for the growth of cells or microorganisms

růstové médium

růstové médium

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[Podstatné jméno]
culture

the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH

kultura

kultura

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[Podstatné jméno]
metabolism

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

metabolismus

metabolismus

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[Podstatné jméno]
specimen

a small amount of something such as urine, blood, etc. that is taken for examination

experimentální vzorek

experimentální vzorek

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[Podstatné jméno]
strain

a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species

kmen

kmen

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[Podstatné jméno]
to secrete

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

uvolňuje látku podobnou kapalině

uvolňuje látku podobnou kapalině

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[sloveso]
to excrete

to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat

vyměšovat

vyměšovat

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[sloveso]
eukaryote

a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

eukaryota

eukaryota

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[Podstatné jméno]
asexual reproduction

a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organism

nepohlavní rozmnožování

nepohlavní rozmnožování

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[Podstatné jméno]
meiosis

a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction

redukční dělení buněk

redukční dělení buněk

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[Podstatné jméno]
mitosis

a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

mitóza

mitóza

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[Podstatné jméno]
interphase

the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functions

mezifáze

mezifáze

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[Podstatné jméno]
prophase

the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division

profáze

profáze

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[Podstatné jméno]
metaphase

the stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes align in pairs along the equator of the cell, preparing for their separation into haploid daughter cells

metafáze

metafáze

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[Podstatné jméno]
anaphase

the stage of cell division (mitosis or meiosis) where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers

anafáze

anafáze

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[Podstatné jméno]
telophase

the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number

telofáze

telofáze

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[Podstatné jméno]
to biodegrade

to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi

biodegradovat

biodegradovat

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[sloveso]
biomolecule

any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolites

biomolekula

biomolekula

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[Podstatné jméno]
biodiversity

the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment

biodiverzita

biodiverzita

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[Podstatné jméno]
bioinformatics

a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data

bioinformatika

bioinformatika

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[Podstatné jméno]
biocompatible

not causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systems

biokompatibilní

biokompatibilní

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[Přídavné jméno]
biometrics

a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations

biometrie

biometrie

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[Podstatné jméno]
mucus

a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them

sliz

sliz

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[Podstatné jméno]
microbiology

the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

mikrobiologie

mikrobiologie

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[Podstatné jméno]
virion

a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate

virion

virion

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[Podstatné jméno]
conditioning

the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations

podmiňování

podmiňování

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[Podstatné jméno]
nutrient

a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth

živina

živina

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[Podstatné jméno]
biomimicry

an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systems

biomimikry

biomimikry

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[Podstatné jméno]
gamete

a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes

sexuálně reproduktivní buňka

sexuálně reproduktivní buňka

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[Podstatné jméno]
microbiome

the collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes, that inhabit a particular environment

mikrobiom

mikrobiom

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[Podstatné jméno]
ecology

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

ekologie

ekologie

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[Podstatné jméno]
anthropogenic

refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence

antropogenní

antropogenní

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[Přídavné jméno]
ecotourism

tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature

ekoturistika

ekoturistika

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[Podstatné jméno]
motility

the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia

pohyblivost

pohyblivost

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[Podstatné jméno]
protist

a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments

protist

protist

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[Podstatné jméno]
homologous

reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species

homologní

homologní

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[Přídavné jméno]
bioluminescence

the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage

bioluminiscence

bioluminiscence

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[Podstatné jméno]
hydroid

a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies

hydroid

hydroid

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[Podstatné jméno]
transdifferentiation

the process by which a differentiated cell changes its identity and adopts the characteristics of a different cell type

transdiferenciace

transdiferenciace

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[Podstatné jméno]
mycelium

the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate

mycelium

mycelium

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[Podstatné jméno]
mutualist

describing an organism that engages in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction

vzájemný

vzájemný

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[Přídavné jméno]
commensal

describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

komenzální

komenzální

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[Přídavné jméno]
mycorrhiza

a mutually beneficial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi where the fungus colonizes the root system, facilitating nutrient uptake from the soil

mykorhiza

mykorhiza

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[Podstatné jméno]
to assimilate

(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells

asimilovat

asimilovat

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[sloveso]
spore

a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions

výtrus

výtrus

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[Podstatné jméno]
biomass

the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water

biomasa

biomasa

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[Podstatné jméno]
taxonomic

related to how living things are categorized based on their similarities

taxonomický

taxonomický

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[Přídavné jméno]
petri dish

a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms

Petriho miska

Petriho miska

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[Podstatné jméno]
agar

a gelatinous substance derived from seaweed and used as a gelling agent in various food

agar

agar

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[Podstatné jméno]
cosmology

the scientific study of how the universe is created, its development, and how it is going to end

kosmologie

kosmologie

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[Podstatné jméno]
virulent

(of a disease) able to make one sick

virulentní

virulentní

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[Přídavné jméno]
decomposition

the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

rozklad

rozklad

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[Podstatné jméno]
prokaryotic

describing organisms or cells that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, with genetic material free-floating within the cell

prokaryotické

prokaryotické

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[Přídavné jméno]
substrate

the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds

Podklad

Podklad

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[Podstatné jméno]
excitatory

capable of triggering an increase in the activity or responsiveness of the cell or organism

vzrušující

vzrušující

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[Přídavné jméno]
fission yeast

a single-celled organism used extensively in biological research as a model organism

štěpné kvasnice

štěpné kvasnice

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[Podstatné jméno]
adaptation

the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively

přizpůsobování

přizpůsobování

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[Podstatné jméno]
ameba

a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape

jednobuněčný organismus vyskytující se ve vodě a půdě

jednobuněčný organismus vyskytující se ve vodě a půdě

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[Podstatné jméno]
physiologist

a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels

fyziolog

fyziolog

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[Podstatné jméno]
genus

(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family

rod (biologie)

rod (biologie)

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[Podstatné jméno]
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