Nauki Ścisłe ACT - Biology

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

organizm

a substance that provides nutrients and conditions for the growth of cells or microorganisms

medium wzrostu, pożywka

the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH

kultura, hodowla komórkowa

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

metabolizm

a small amount of something such as urine, blood, etc. that is taken for examination

próbka, egzemplarz

a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species

szczep, wariant

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

sekretować, wydzielać

to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat

wydalać, ekskretować

a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

eukariont

a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organism

reprodukcja aseksualna, rozmnażanie bezpłciowe

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

mejoza

a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

mitoza

the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functions

interfaza, faza interfazy

the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division

profaza

the stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes align in pairs along the equator of the cell, preparing for their separation into haploid daughter cells

metafaza

the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers

anafaza

the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number

telofaza, telofaza I

to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi

biodegradować, ulegać biodegradacji

any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolites

biomolekuła, molekuła biologiczna

the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment

bioróżnorodność

a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data

bioinformatyka, informatyka biologiczna

not causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systems

biokompatybilny, biokompatybilny

a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations

biometria, biometryczny

a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them

śluz, mukus

the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

mikrobiologia

a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate

wirion, cząsteczka wirusa

the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations

warunkowanie, szkolenie

a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth

składnik odżywczy, substancja odżywcza

an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systems

biomimikra, naśladowanie natury

a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes

gameta

the collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes, that inhabit a particular environment

mikrobiom, mikrobiota

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

ekologia

refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence

antropogeniczny, spowodowany działalnością człowieka

tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature

ekoturystyka, turystyka ekologiczna

the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia

motylność, ruchliwość

a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments

protist

reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species

homologiczny, analogiczny

the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage

bioluminescencja

a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies

hydroid

the process by which a differentiated cell changes its identity and adopts the characteristics of a different cell type

transdyferencjacja, zmiana typu komórkowego

the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate

mycel

(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction

mutualistyczny

describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

komensalny, symbiotyczny

a mutually beneficial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi where the fungus colonizes the root system, facilitating nutrient uptake from the soil

mikoryza, mikoryzy

(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells

asimilować, wchłaniać

a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions

spora

the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water

biomasa

related to how living things are categorized based on their similarities

taksonomiczny, taksonomiczna

a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms

szalka Petriego, płytka Petriego

a gelatinous substance derived from seaweed and used as a gelling agent in various food

agar

the scientific study of how the universe is created, its development, and how it is going to end

kosmologia

(of a disease) able to make one sick

wirusowy, zaraźliwy

the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

dekompozycja, rozkład

(of organisms or cells) lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, with genetic material free-floating within the cell

prokariotyczny, prokariot

the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds

substrat, podłoże

capable of triggering an increase in the activity or responsiveness of the cell or organism

pobudzający, ekscytujący

a single-celled organism used extensively in biological research as a model organism

drożdże fission, drożdże podziałowe

the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively

adaptacja

a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape

ameba

a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels

fizjolog

(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family

rodzaj, grupa