Sciences ACT - La biologie
Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à la biologie, tels que « décomposition », « assimilate », « virion », etc. qui vous aideront à réussir vos ACT.
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a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own
organisme
a substance that provides nutrients and conditions for the growth of cells or microorganisms
un milieu de croissance
the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH
culture
the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use
métabolisme
a small amount of something such as urine, blood, etc. that is taken for examination
échantillon
a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species
souche
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
sécréter
to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat
excréter
a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms
eucaryote
a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organism
reproduction asexuée
a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction
méiose
a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
mitose
the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functions
interphase
the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division
prophase
the stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes align in pairs along the equator of the cell, preparing for their separation into haploid daughter cells
métaphase
the stage of cell division (mitosis or meiosis) where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers
anaphase
the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number
télophase
to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi
biodégrader
any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolites
biomolécule
the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment
biodiversité
a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data
bioinformatique
not causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systems
biocompatible
a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations
biométrie
a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them
mucus
the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms
microbiologie
a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate
virion
the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations
conditionnement
a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth
substance nutritive
an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systems
biomimétisme
a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes
gamète
the collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes, that inhabit a particular environment
microbiote
the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other
écologie
refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence
anthropique
tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature
écotourisme
the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia
motilité
a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments
protiste
reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species
homologue
the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage
bioluminescence
a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies
hydroïde
the process by which a differentiated cell changes its identity and adopts the characteristics of a different cell type
transdifférenciation
the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate
mycélium
describing an organism that engages in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction
mutualiste
describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
commensal
a mutually beneficial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi where the fungus colonizes the root system, facilitating nutrient uptake from the soil
mycorhize
(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells
assimiler
a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions
spore
the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water
biomasse
related to how living things are categorized based on their similarities
taxonomique
a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms
pain béni
a gelatinous substance derived from seaweed and used as a gelling agent in various food
gélose
the scientific study of how the universe is created, its development, and how it is going to end
cosmologie
the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem
décomposition
describing organisms or cells that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, with genetic material free-floating within the cell
procaryote
the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds
substrat
capable of triggering an increase in the activity or responsiveness of the cell or organism
excitant
a single-celled organism used extensively in biological research as a model organism
levure de fission
the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively
adaptation
a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape
organisme unicellulaire présent dans l'eau et le sol
a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels
physiologiste
(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family
genre