剑桥雅思19 - 学术类 - 测试4 - 听力 - 第4部分 (2)

to clear an area of trees, typically by cutting them down extensively

involving a significant numbers of people or a vast area

an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action

including many specific elements or pieces of information

conforming to the most recent developments, updates, or facts

to find or discover something by searching for its features, characteristics, or details

the fact or condition of being regarded or treated as more important than others

an action, treatment, or manipulation that is introduced by researchers to test its effects on variables of interest

a flying vehicle such as an aircraft that is controlled from afar and has no pilot

something such as a hammer, saw, etc. that is held in the hand and used for a specific job

to give a higher level of importance or urgency to a particular task, goal, or objective compared to others

to carefully check the quality, activity, or changes of something or someone for a period of time

lowered in value

to measure or express something as a number or amount

to destroy something completely

something that people do or cause to happen

to care for and raise animals until they reach maturity

large farm animals, such as cows and bulls, raised for meat, milk, or labor

the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

to choose someone or something out of a group of people or things

to finally accomplish a desired goal after dealing with many difficulties

an occurrence of something

before the present moment or a specific time

an area of land on which something is, was, or will be constructed

(of human activities or natural forces) to gradually break down rocks, mountains, hills, etc.

the process of extracting valuable minerals or other materials from the earth

a gray powdery substance that becomes hard if it is mixed with water and sand, used for construction purposes such as sticking bricks of a wall together

the layer of soil on the surface

a soft, sweet fruit with a thin skin and many small seeds, often eaten fresh or dried

the most significant part of an argument, belief, or plan on which everything else depends

what something is used for

to actively influence or impact a situation, event, or outcome

to make sure that something will happen

the ability to recover from difficult situations

absolutely necessary and of great importance

a small living part of a plant that when put in the ground, grows into a new one

suitable or acceptable for a given situation or purpose

connected to the parts of the DNA in cells, called genes, that determine hereditary traits

the presence of a variety of distinct characteristics within a group

(biology) an organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration

in a way that is true in most cases

to adjust oneself to fit into a new environment or situation

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

after doing or considering everything

in an earlier period

covered with forest

a large, open, and grass-covered area

a flat grassland in tropical or subtropical regions

an area of land characterized by its soil, water, and vegetation, where the water table is at or near the surface for a significant part of the year

a nonmetal element that can be found in all organic compounds and living things

providing benefits or favorable circumstances

relating to activities done for enjoyment or leisure, rather than for work or other obligations

to use someone or something in an unfair way, which is only advantageous to oneself

to take in and hold something, like an atom, molecule, or particle, during a physical, chemical, or technical process