Cambridge IELTS 19 - آکادمیک - آزمون 4 - شنیداری - بخش 4 (2)

to clear an area of trees, typically by cutting them down extensively

involving a significant numbers of people or a vast area

the process of deciding in advance what actions to take and how to carry them out

including many specific elements or pieces of information

conforming to the most recent developments, updates, or facts

to find or discover something by searching for its features, characteristics, or details

the fact or condition of being regarded or treated as more important than others

an action, treatment, or manipulation that is introduced by researchers to test its effects on variables of interest

a flying vehicle such as an aircraft that is controlled from afar and has no pilot

something such as a hammer, saw, etc. that is held in the hand and used for a specific job

to give a higher level of importance or urgency to a particular task, goal, or objective compared to others

to carefully check the quality, activity, or changes of something or someone for a period of time

(economics) reduced in monetary value or purchasing power

to measure or express something as a number or amount

to destroy something completely

something that people do or cause to happen

to care for and raise animals until they reach maturity

large domesticated animals including cows, bulls, and steers, kept especially for milk or meat

the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

to choose someone or something out of a group of people or things

to finally accomplish a desired goal after dealing with many difficulties

an occurrence of something

before the present moment or a specific time

an area of land on which something is, was, or will be constructed

(of human activities or natural forces) to gradually break down rocks, mountains, hills, etc.

the activity or industry of extracting minerals and other valuable materials from the earth

a gray powdery substance that becomes hard if it is mixed with water and sand, used for construction purposes such as sticking bricks of a wall together

the layer of soil on the surface

a soft, sweet fruit with thin skin and many small seeds, eaten fresh or dried

a central element or factor that provides essential support or cohesion to a system or concept

what something is used for

to actively influence or impact a situation, event, or outcome

to make sure that something will happen

the ability to recover from difficult situations

absolutely necessary and of great importance

a small living part of a plant that when put in the ground, grows into a new one

suitable or acceptable for a given situation or purpose

connected to the parts of the DNA in cells, called genes, that determine hereditary traits

the state of including or containing many different types, characteristics, or elements

(biology) an organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration

in a way that is true in most cases

to change one's behavior or habits in order to deal successfully with a new situation or environment

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

after doing or considering everything

in an earlier period

covered with forest

a large, open, and grass-covered area

a flat grassland in tropical or subtropical regions

an area of land characterized by its soil, water, and vegetation, where the water table is at or near the surface for a significant part of the year

a chemical element present in all living things and in substances such as coal, graphite, and diamond

providing benefits or favorable circumstances

relating to activities done for enjoyment or leisure, rather than for work or other obligations

to use someone or something unfairly for one's own benefit

to take in and hold something, like an atom, molecule, or particle, during a physical, chemical, or technical process