Postpositions 

In this lesson, master postpositions to show relationships between words by placing them after nouns. Clear explanations and practice exercises to help you learn.

Postpositions in The English Grammar

What Are Postpositions?

Postpositions are a type of grammatical particle used to indicate the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other elements in a sentence. Unlike prepositions, which are placed before the complement or object, postpositions are placed after the noun or pronoun they modify. Together, prepositions and postpositions form a group called adpositions.

English Postpositions

English generally uses prepositions rather than postpositions, as in 'in class' and 'under the table'. However, there are a few examples of postpositions in the English language, such as:

Notwithstanding

Around\round

Hence

Now take a look at some examples:

Example

Fame and fortune notwithstanding, Donna never forgot her hometown.

The garden was about four miles round.

His wife died ten years ago.

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The Postposition 'Ago'

'Ago' is used to show how far back in the past something happened. Therefore, we should use time-related words before it. For example:

Example

The woman you saw a moment ago was my mom.

I started my new job some time ago.

Note that when using 'ago', the simple past tense should be used, not the
present perfect tense.

Example

She started a new job a few weeks ago. (Not 'She has started a new job a few weeks ago.')

Warning!

Do not use another preposition such as 'at,' 'in,' 'on' or 'since' before a phrase with 'ago'.

Example

I first met John three years ago. (Not 'I first met John at/in/three years ago.')

I met my girlfriend two months ago. (Not 'I met my girlfriend since two months ago.')

What Is a Postpositional Phrase?

A postpositional phrase is a phrase formed by a postposition and its complement, and it typically functions as an adverbial phrase in a sentence.

Example

She was bedridden the whole week through.

Jokes aside, I really think you should consider this plan.

Postpositions: Functions

Postpositions can serve two main functions in a sentence. They can be:

Adjunct Adverbials

Disjunct Adverbials

Adjunct adverbials are words, phrases, or clauses that add necessary information to a clause. Disjunct adverbials are words or phrases that provide additional information to a clause. They are often set off by commas, and they can function as a comment on the whole sentence or as a modifier of the speaker's attitude or stance. Take a look at some examples:

Example

Unfortunately we had to live a mile apart. (adjunct adverbials)

Jokes aside, I should really call him. (disjunct adverbial)

Quiz:


1.

Which sentence correctly uses a postposition?

A

The concert ended three hours ago.

B

She placed the vase under the table.

C

He ran before the marathon started.

D

The cat jumped the roof on.

2.

Sort the words to form a correct sentence.

,
company
working
.
on
still
same
he
years
the
was
in
three
3.

Complete each sentence using the correct postposition.

The concert happened five years

.

The team continued playing, objections

.

She walked the whole park

.

Ten years

, he still remembers that day clearly.

His comments

, I think the proposal is good.

ago
notwithstanding
around
on
aside
4.

Match each incomplete sentence with the correct ending.

His reputation
Ten years
She graduated ten years
He's been studying the whole night
ago, but still remembers those days.
on, they met again by chance.
apart, he is actually quite kind.
through, but still doesn't feel ready.
5.

Which sentence correctly uses a postpositional phrase?

A

She walked through the park.

B

Ten years on, they met again.

C

The book is the table on.

D

We arrived before noon.

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