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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Akademiko - Pagsusulit 1 - Pagbasa - Talata 2 (2)

Dito mo makikita ang bokabularyo mula sa Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2 (2) sa Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic coursebook, upang matulungan kang maghanda para sa iyong IELTS exam.

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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic
primary
[pang-uri]

having the most importance or influence

pangunahin, primaryo

pangunahin, primaryo

Ex: Health and safety are the primary concerns in the workplace .Ang kalusugan at kaligtasan ay ang **pangunahing** mga alalahanin sa lugar ng trabaho.
foliage
[Pangngalan]

a plant or tree's branches and leaves collectively

dahon, halaman

dahon, halaman

Ex: In autumn , the foliage of the trees turns brilliant shades of red and orange .Sa taglagas, ang **dahon** ng mga puno ay nagiging makikinang na kulay pula at kahel.
crown
[Pangngalan]

the top part of a tree or other plant

korona, tuktok

korona, tuktok

Ex: The dense crown of the fir tree provided excellent shelter for wildlife during the winter .Ang siksik na **korona** ng puno ng fir ay nagbigay ng mahusay na kanlungan para sa wildlife sa panahon ng taglamig.
coverage
[Pangngalan]

the extent or degree to which something is covered or included

saklaw, kober

saklaw, kober

Ex: He checked the coverage map to ensure his home would have reliable internet service .Tiningnan niya ang mapa ng **saklaw** upang matiyak na ang kanyang tahanan ay magkakaroon ng maaasahang serbisyo sa internet.
to regenerate
[Pandiwa]

to grow or be made again

muling buhayin, magbagong-buhay

muling buhayin, magbagong-buhay

crowded
[pang-uri]

(of a space) filled with things or people

siksikan, puno

siksikan, puno

Ex: The crowded bus was late due to heavy traffic .Ang **siksikan** na bus ay huli dahil sa mabigat na trapiko.
to tailor
[Pandiwa]

to customize or modify something to fit an individual or market's specific preferences

iangkop, ipasadya

iangkop, ipasadya

Ex: The training program is designed to tailor workouts to individual fitness levels .Ang programa ng pagsasanay ay idinisenyo upang **iayon** ang mga workout sa indibidwal na antas ng fitness.
to yield
[Pandiwa]

(of a farm or an industry) to grow or produce a crop or product

gumawa, magbigay

gumawa, magbigay

Ex: This vineyard yields high-quality grapes that are used to produce exceptional wines .Ang ubasan na ito ay **nagbibigay** ng mataas na kalidad na ubas na ginagamit upang makagawa ng pambihirang mga alak.
pest
[Pangngalan]

an insect or small animal that destroys or damages crops, food, etc.

peste, mapanirang insekto

peste, mapanirang insekto

pathogen
[Pangngalan]

any organism that can cause diseases

pathogen, sanhi ng sakit

pathogen, sanhi ng sakit

Ex: The pathogen responsible for malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito .Ang **pathogen** na responsable sa malaria ay naipapasa sa tao sa pamamagitan ng kagat ng isang infected na lamok.
to ease
[Pandiwa]

to reduce the severity or seriousness of something unpleasant

pahupain, bawasan

pahupain, bawasan

Ex: Warm tea and honey helped to ease her sore throat and cough .Ang mainit na tsaa at pulot ay nakatulong sa **pagpapagaan** ng kanyang masakit na lalamunan at ubo.
procedure
[Pangngalan]

a particular set of actions conducted in a certain way

pamamaraan, paraan

pamamaraan, paraan

Ex: Safety procedures must be followed in the laboratory .Ang mga **pamamaraan** sa kaligtasan ay dapat sundin sa laboratoryo.
to seek
[Pandiwa]

to make an effort to achieve or obtain something

maghanap, magsumikap

maghanap, magsumikap

Ex: He sought to make a difference in the community by volunteering .Siya ay **nagsikap** na gumawa ng pagkakaiba sa komunidad sa pamamagitan ng pagvo-volunteer.
spread
[Pangngalan]

a haphazard distribution in all directions

pagkalat, hindi maayos na pamamahagi

pagkalat, hindi maayos na pamamahagi

vigorous
[pang-uri]

having strength and good mental or physical health

masigla, malakas

masigla, malakas

Ex: The vigorous athlete completed the marathon with determination and stamina .Ang **masigla** na atleta ay nakumpleto ang maraton na may determinasyon at tibay.
outbreak
[Pangngalan]

the unexpected start of something terrible, such as a disease

pagsiklab, pagkalat

pagsiklab, pagkalat

Ex: The outbreak of wildfires prompted emergency evacuations across the region .Ang **pagsiklab** ng wildfires ay nagdulot ng emergency evacuations sa buong rehiyon.
mature
[pang-uri]

fully-grown and physically developed

hinog, matanda

hinog, matanda

Ex: Her mature physique was graceful and poised , a result of years spent practicing ballet and yoga .Ang kanyang **hinog** na pangangatawan ay maganda at balanse, resulta ng mga taon ng pagsasayaw ng ballet at yoga.
to thin
[Pandiwa]

to reduce the density of something

papanipisin, bawasan ang kapal

papanipisin, bawasan ang kapal

Ex: The gardener thinned the carrots to allow the remaining ones more space to grow .**Pinong** ng hardinero ang mga karot upang bigyan ang mga natitira ng mas maraming espasyo para lumaki.
seedling
[Pangngalan]

a young plant that develops from a seed, typically in the early stages of growth after germination

punla, binhi

punla, binhi

Ex: Gardeners monitor the growth of seedlings to ensure they are ready for outdoor conditions .Sinusubaybayan ng mga hardinero ang paglaki ng mga **punla** upang matiyak na handa na sila para sa mga kondisyon sa labas.
to establish
[Pandiwa]

to make something stable, secure, or permanent in a specific place or position

itatag, itayo

itatag, itayo

Ex: The company worked hard to establish its headquarters in the new city .Ang kumpanya ay nagtrabaho nang husto upang **itatag** ang punong-tanggapan nito sa bagong lungsod.
forester
[Pangngalan]

someone trained in forestry

manggugubat, dalubhasa sa paggugubat

manggugubat, dalubhasa sa paggugubat

to leave
[Pandiwa]

to cause something to remain as a result

iwan, gawing manatili ang isang bagay bilang resulta

iwan, gawing manatili ang isang bagay bilang resulta

Ex: The muddy shoes left tracks on the freshly cleaned carpet .Ang putik na sapatos ay **nag-iwan** ng mga bakas sa bagong linis na karpet.
young
[pang-uri]

in the initial phase of existence or development

bata, bagong

bata, bagong

Ex: The young relationship was filled with excitement and discovery .Ang **batang** relasyon ay puno ng kaguluhan at pagtuklas.
point
[Pangngalan]

a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process

punto, yugto

punto, yugto

Ex: The team identified a turning point in their strategy that led to success.Natukoy ng koponan ang isang **punto** ng pagbabago sa kanilang estratehiya na nagdulot ng tagumpay.
two-tier
[pang-uri]

(of systems, structures, or arrangements) divided into two distinct parts or groups

dalawang-tier, binaryo

dalawang-tier, binaryo

Ex: The two-tier system allowed students to choose between a basic and advanced course .Ang sistemang **dalawang-tier** ay nagbigay-daan sa mga mag-aaral na pumili sa pagitan ng isang pangunahing at advanced na kurso.
harvest
[Pangngalan]

the season or period during which crops are collected from the fields

Ex: Machinery is often rented specifically for harvest season .
to come in
[Pandiwa]

to arrive at a certain stage or point in a process

dumating, umusad

dumating, umusad

Ex: The rainfall is expected to come in later tonight .Inaasahang **darating** ang ulan mamayang gabi.
to spread out
[Pandiwa]

to distribute something among different time periods or individuals

ipamahagi, ikalat

ipamahagi, ikalat

Ex: Rather than eating a large meal at once , nutritionists recommend spreading out your food intake throughout the day for better digestion .Sa halip na kumain ng malaking pagkain nang sabay-sabay, inirerekomenda ng mga nutrisyonista na **ikalat** ang iyong pag-inom ng pagkain sa buong araw para sa mas mahusay na pantunaw.
thinning
[Pangngalan]

the act of diluting something

pagpapalabnaw, pagpapamanipis

pagpapalabnaw, pagpapamanipis

deadwood
[Pangngalan]

a branch or a part of a tree that is dead

patay na kahoy, patay na sanga

patay na kahoy, patay na sanga

removal
[Pangngalan]

the act of removing

pag-alis, pagtatanggal

pag-alis, pagtatanggal

to center on
[Pandiwa]

center upon

tumutok sa, umikot sa

tumutok sa, umikot sa

retention
[Pangngalan]

the act of keeping something that one already has

pagpapanatili, pagtitipon

pagpapanatili, pagtitipon

to classify
[Pandiwa]

to categorize or group something based on shared characteristics or qualities

uriin, ikategorya

uriin, ikategorya

Ex: Scientists classified the plant as a fern due to its unique leaf structure .**Inuri** ng mga siyentipiko ang halaman bilang isang pako dahil sa kakaibang istruktura ng dahon nito.
nutrient
[Pangngalan]

a chemical element or inorganic compound that green plants absorb and incorporate into their organic molecules to support growth and metabolism

nutriyente, sustansyang nakapagpapalusog

nutriyente, sustansyang nakapagpapalusog

to cycle
[Pandiwa]

to go through a complete series of events or stages in a cyclical or repetitive manner

umikot, dumaan sa isang ikot

umikot, dumaan sa isang ikot

Ex: The ecosystem cycles through a natural balance of predator-prey relationships , population growth , and ecological succession .Ang ecosystem ay **nagsi-cycle** sa pamamagitan ng natural na balanse ng predator-prey relationships, population growth, at ecological succession.
soil
[Pangngalan]

the black or brownish substance consisted of organic remains, rock particles, and clay that forms the upper layer of earth where trees or other plants grow

lupa, soil

lupa, soil

Ex: Farmers test the soil regularly to ensure it has the necessary nutrients for crops .Regular na sinusuri ng mga magsasaka ang **lupa** upang matiyak na mayroon itong mga kinakailangang sustansya para sa mga pananim.
cavity
[Pangngalan]

a natural empty space or hollow area inside the body

kabidad, hollow

kabidad, hollow

Ex: The doctor examined the ear cavity.Sinuri ng doktor ang **cavity** ng tainga.
predator
[Pangngalan]

any animal that lives by hunting and eating other animals

mandaragit, maninila

mandaragit, maninila

Ex: Jaguars , with powerful jaws and keen senses , are top predators in the dense rainforests of South America .Ang mga **mandaragit**, na may malakas na panga at matalas na pandama, ay nangungunang mandaragit sa makapal na rainforest ng South America.
woodpecker
[Pangngalan]

a bird with a drill-like beak that makes holes in trees in search of insects to feed on

ibon na tumitibok ng kahoy, ibon na gumagawa ng butas sa puno

ibon na tumitibok ng kahoy, ibon na gumagawa ng butas sa puno

mammal
[Pangngalan]

a class of animals to which humans, cows, lions, etc. belong, have warm blood, fur or hair and typically produce milk to feed their young

mamalya, hayop na mamalya

mamalya, hayop na mamalya

Ex: Humans are classified as mammals because they nurse their young .Ang mga tao ay inuri bilang **mammal** dahil pinapasuso nila ang kanilang mga anak.
resilience
[Pangngalan]

the ability to recover from difficult situations

katatagan

katatagan

Ex: After the accident , the soldier ’s resilience inspired his family and friends to support him in his recovery journey .Pagkatapos ng aksidente, ang **katatagan** ng sundalo ay nagbigay-inspirasyon sa kanyang pamilya at mga kaibigan na suportahan siya sa kanyang paggaling.
hawthorn
[Pangngalan]

a shrub or small tree of the family of rose with small red fruits

hawthorn, puno ng hawthorn

hawthorn, puno ng hawthorn

to remain in a location while others depart

manatili sa likod, manatili sa lugar

manatili sa likod, manatili sa lugar

Ex: The dedicated volunteer stayed behind at the shelter to help with feeding and caring for the animals after visiting hours ended .Ang dedikadong boluntaryo ay **nanatili** sa kanlungan upang tumulong sa pagpapakain at pag-aalaga ng mga hayop pagkatapos matapos ang oras ng pagbisita.
structural
[pang-uri]

relating to or concerned with the morphology of plants and animals

istruktural, morpolohikal

istruktural, morpolohikal

diversity
[Pangngalan]

the presence of a variety of distinct characteristics within a group

pagkakaiba-iba

pagkakaiba-iba

Ex: The city 's culinary scene is known for its diversity, offering a variety of cuisines from different countries .Ang culinary scene ng lungsod ay kilala sa **pagkakaiba-iba** nito, na nag-aalok ng iba't ibang lutuin mula sa iba't ibang bansa.
reference
[Pangngalan]

a mention or citation of something, often to provide context or support for an idea

sanggunian, sipi

sanggunian, sipi

Ex: He used a reference from the dictionary to explain the term .Gumamit siya ng **sanggunian** mula sa diksyunaryo upang ipaliwanag ang termino.
aspect
[Pangngalan]

a defining or distinctive feature of something

aspeto, katangian

aspeto, katangian

Ex: Climate change affects every aspect of our daily lives .Apektong pang-araw-araw ng ating buhay ang apektado ng pagbabago ng klima.
to contribute
[Pandiwa]

to be one of the causes or reasons that helps something happen

mag-ambag, maging dahilan

mag-ambag, maging dahilan

Ex: Her insights contributed to the development of the innovative idea .Ang kanyang mga pananaw ay **nag-ambag** sa pag-unlad ng makabagong ideya.
worth
[Pangngalan]

the assigned or estimated value of something, without necessarily specifying a particular quantity or amount

halaga

halaga

Ex: The advice given by the expert has shown its worth over time .Ang payo na ibinigay ng eksperto ay nagpakita ng **halaga** nito sa paglipas ng panahon.
to mention
[Pandiwa]

to say something about someone or something, without giving much detail

banggitin, tukuyin

banggitin, tukuyin

Ex: If you have any dietary restrictions , please mention them when making the reservation .Kung mayroon kang anumang mga paghihigpit sa diyeta, mangyaring **banggitin** ang mga ito kapag gumagawa ng reserbasyon.
potential
[pang-uri]

having the possibility to develop or be developed into something particular in the future

potensyal, maaari

potensyal, maaari

Ex: They discussed potential candidates for the vacant position .Tinalakay nila ang mga **potensyal** na kandidato para sa bakanteng posisyon.
to run
[Pandiwa]

to cause engines or machines to operate, function, or perform their designated tasks

patakbuhin, paandarin

patakbuhin, paandarin

Ex: I need to run the dishwasher after dinner .Kailangan kong **patakbuhin** ang dishwasher pagkatapos ng hapunan.
alternative
[pang-uri]

available as an option for something else

alternatibo, pamalit

alternatibo, pamalit

Ex: The alternative method saved them a lot of time .Ang **alternatibong** paraan ay nagligtas sa kanila ng maraming oras.
to generate
[Pandiwa]

to cause or give rise to something

lumikha, magdulot

lumikha, magdulot

Ex: The marketing team generates leads through various online channels .Ang marketing team ay **nakakagawa** ng mga lead sa pamamagitan ng iba't ibang online channels.
across
[Preposisyon]

during a period of time

sa buong, sa panahon ng

sa buong, sa panahon ng

Ex: His thoughts were relevant across the course of history .Ang kanyang mga saloobin ay may kaugnayan **sa buong** kasaysayan.
range
[Pangngalan]

a variety of things that are different but are of the same general type

saklaw,  iba't ibang uri

saklaw, iba't ibang uri

Ex: The company produces a range of products , from household appliances to personal care items .Ang kumpanya ay gumagawa ng isang **saklaw** ng mga produkto, mula sa mga gamit sa bahay hanggang sa mga item ng personal na pangangalaga.
creature
[Pangngalan]

any living thing that is able to move on its own, such as an animal, fish, etc.

nilalang, bagay na may buhay

nilalang, bagay na may buhay

Ex: The night came alive with the sounds of nocturnal creatures like owls , bats , and frogs , signaling the start of their active period .Ang gabi ay nagging buhay sa mga tunog ng mga **nilalang** ng gabi tulad ng mga kuwago, paniki, at palaka, na nagpapahiwatig ng simula ng kanilang aktibong panahon.
to name
[Pandiwa]

to specify or list something by giving its name

pangalanan, tawagan

pangalanan, tawagan

Ex: The supervisor named the tasks that needed to be completed by the end of the day .**Tinukoy** ng supervisor ang mga gawain na kailangang matapos bago magtatapos ang araw.
nota bene
[Pangngalan]

a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something

nota bene, pansinin mo

nota bene, pansinin mo

Cambridge IELTS 18 - Akademiko
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