Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic - Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2 (2)

having the most importance or influence

a plant or tree's branches and leaves collectively

the top part of a tree or other plant

the extent or degree to which something is covered or included

to grow or be made again

(of a space) filled with things or people

to customize or modify something to fit an individual or market's specific preferences

(of a farm or an industry) to grow or produce a crop or product

an insect or small animal that destroys or damages crops, food, etc.

any organism that can cause diseases

to reduce the severity or seriousness of something unpleasant

a particular set of actions conducted in a certain way

to make an effort to achieve or obtain something

a haphazard distribution in all directions

having strength and good mental or physical health

the unexpected start of something terrible, such as a disease

fully-grown and physically developed

to reduce the density of something

a young plant that develops from a seed, typically in the early stages of growth after germination

to make something stable, secure, or permanent in a specific place or position

someone trained in forestry

to cause something to remain as a result

in the initial phase of existence or development

a precise or identifiable position within a continuum, sequence, or process

(of systems, structures, or arrangements) divided into two distinct parts or groups

the season or period during which crops are collected from the fields

to arrive at a certain stage or point in a process

to distribute something among different time periods or individuals

the act of diluting something

a branch or a part of a tree that is dead

the act of removing

center upon

the act of keeping something that one already has

to categorize or group something based on shared characteristics or qualities

a chemical element or inorganic compound that green plants absorb and incorporate into their organic molecules to support growth and metabolism

to go through a complete series of events or stages in a cyclical or repetitive manner

the black or brownish substance consisted of organic remains, rock particles, and clay that forms the upper layer of earth where trees or other plants grow

a natural empty space or hollow area inside the body

any animal that lives by hunting and eating other animals

a bird with a drill-like beak that makes holes in trees in search of insects to feed on

a class of animals to which humans, cows, lions, etc. belong, have warm blood, fur or hair and typically produce milk to feed their young

the ability to recover from difficult situations

a shrub or small tree of the family of rose with small red fruits

to remain in a location while others depart

relating to or concerned with the morphology of plants and animals

the presence of a variety of distinct characteristics within a group

a mention or citation of something, often to provide context or support for an idea

a defining or distinctive feature of something

to be one of the causes or reasons that helps something happen

the assigned or estimated value of something, without necessarily specifying a particular quantity or amount

to say something about someone or something, without giving much detail

having the possibility to develop or be developed into something particular in the future

to cause engines or machines to operate, function, or perform their designated tasks

available as an option for something else

to cause or give rise to something

during a period of time

a variety of things that are different but are of the same general type

any living thing that is able to move on its own, such as an animal, fish, etc.

to specify or list something by giving its name

a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something