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Linguistica - Etimologia e linguistica storica

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi legate all'etimologia e alla linguistica storica come "loanword", "derivation" ed "etymon".

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Words Related to Linguistics
etymon

the earliest known form of a word or a morpheme from which related words in different languages are derived

etimone, radice

etimone, radice

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Definizione e Significato di "etymon"
calque

(linguistics) a loan word or expression that is a word-by-word translation of a word or expression in another language

calco

calco

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Definizione e Significato di "calque"
loanword

a word or phrase borrowed from one language and incorporated into another language, typically with some modifications to fit the phonological, morphological, or semantic patterns of the borrowing language

prestito linguistico, parola presa in prestito

prestito linguistico, parola presa in prestito

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Definizione e Significato di "loanword"
borrowing

the process by which words or phrases are adopted from one language into another, often due to cultural contact, trade, or historical influences, resulting in the integration of foreign elements into the borrowing language

prestito linguistico, adattamento linguistico

prestito linguistico, adattamento linguistico

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Definizione e Significato di "borrowing"
origin

the source or point of beginning of something, such as the historical, cultural, or linguistic roots of a word, concept, or phenomenon

origine, sorgente

origine, sorgente

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Definizione e Significato di "origin"
cognate word

a word that shares a common origin with another word in a different language, usually demonstrating similarities in form and meaning due to their common ancestral language

parola cognata, termine cognato

parola cognata, termine cognato

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Definizione e Significato di "cognate word"
false etymology

the incorrect or mistaken explanation of the origin and development of a word or phrase based on popular belief or folk etymological reasoning

etimologia errata, falsa etimologia

etimologia errata, falsa etimologia

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Definizione e Significato di "false etymology"
folk etymology

the process by which the form or meaning of a word is modified or reinterpreted based on the similarity or familiarity of its components to other words or familiar patterns, often resulting in a new, popular, but etymologically incorrect explanation

etimologia popolare, etimologia folkloristica

etimologia popolare, etimologia folkloristica

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Definizione e Significato di "folk etymology"
morphological leveling

a process in language change where irregularities in the inflectional or derivational morphology of words are simplified or regularized over time

livellamento morfologico, regolarizzazione morfologica

livellamento morfologico, regolarizzazione morfologica

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Definizione e Significato di "morphological leveling"
morphological erosion

the process by which the complexity or number of morphological elements in a word or word form is reduced over time

erosione morfologica, riduzione morfologica

erosione morfologica, riduzione morfologica

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Definizione e Significato di "morphological erosion"
phonetic erosion

the gradual simplification or loss of certain sounds or phonetic features within a language over time

erosione fonetica, semplicità fonetica

erosione fonetica, semplicità fonetica

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Definizione e Significato di "phonetic erosion"
semantic erosion

the process whereby the original meaning or intensity of a word or expression becomes progressively weakened or diluted over time, resulting in a broader, less specific, or less potent semantic range

erosione semantica, indebolimento semantico

erosione semantica, indebolimento semantico

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Definizione e Significato di "semantic erosion"
de-categorialization

the process by which a word or morpheme loses its original grammatical category and acquires a more independent, lexical function

de-categorizzazione, declassificazione

de-categorizzazione, declassificazione

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Definizione e Significato di "de-categorialization"
language change

the natural and ongoing process by which languages evolve and transform over time

cambio di lingua, evoluzione linguistica

cambio di lingua, evoluzione linguistica

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Definizione e Significato di "language change"
lexical change

the process of modification and evolution in the vocabulary of a language over time

cambiamento lessicale, evoluzione lessicale

cambiamento lessicale, evoluzione lessicale

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Definizione e Significato di "lexical change"
internal reconstruction

a method used in historical linguistics to infer and reconstruct the linguistic forms and features of an earlier stage of a language based on evidence from its present-day descendants

ricostruzione interna, riabilitazione interna

ricostruzione interna, riabilitazione interna

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Definizione e Significato di "internal reconstruction"
language contact

the interaction of speakers from different linguistic backgrounds, leading to the exchange and influence of linguistic features between languages

contatto linguistico, interazione linguistica

contatto linguistico, interazione linguistica

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Definizione e Significato di "language contact"
grammaticalization

a process in language change whereby words or lexical items evolve over time to become grammatical markers or functional elements, often losing their original lexical meaning and acquiring grammatical or structural functions

grammaticalizzazione, grammaticalizzazione

grammaticalizzazione, grammaticalizzazione

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Definizione e Significato di "grammaticalization"
substrate language

a language that has lower prestige or social power in a contact situation and influences another language with which it comes into contact, leaving a significant impact on its linguistic features, vocabulary, and structure

lingua substrato, lingua di substrato

lingua substrato, lingua di substrato

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Definizione e Significato di "substrate language"
semantic shift

the phenomenon in which the meaning of a word or expression changes over time, resulting in a different interpretation or connotation from its original usage

cambiamento semantico, spostamento semantico

cambiamento semantico, spostamento semantico

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Definizione e Significato di "semantic shift"
diachronic analysis

the study and examination of language change and evolution over time, focusing on the historical development of linguistic features, structures, and patterns in a language or language family

analisi diacronica, studio diacronico

analisi diacronica, studio diacronico

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Definizione e Significato di "diachronic analysis"
synchronic analysis

the examination and study of a language at a specific point in time, emphasizing its existing linguistic features, structures, and patterns without considering their historical development or changes over time

analisi sincronica, studio sincronico

analisi sincronica, studio sincronico

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Definizione e Significato di "synchronic analysis"
comparative method

a linguistic approach that compares related languages to uncover their shared ancestral forms and relationships

metodo comparativo, approccio comparativo

metodo comparativo, approccio comparativo

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Definizione e Significato di "comparative method"
Swadesh list

a standardized set of basic vocabulary words used in comparative linguistics to analyze similarities and differences between languages, typically consisting of around 200 to 300 words that are considered to be less subject to borrowing or change over time

lista di Swadesh, vocabolario di Swadesh

lista di Swadesh, vocabolario di Swadesh

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Definizione e Significato di "Swadesh list"
derivation

the process of creating new words over time through linguistic changes and transformations

derivazione

derivazione

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Definizione e Significato di "derivation"
centum language

a classification of Indo-European languages in which the palatal or velar stops of the Proto-Indo-European language merged with the plain stops, resulting in a lack of a phonemic distinction between them

lingua centum, idioma centum

lingua centum, idioma centum

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Definizione e Significato di "centum language"
satem language

a type of Indo-European language in which the original palatal or velar consonants evolved into fricatives or affricates, distinguishing it from centum languages that preserved these consonants as stops

lingua satem, lingua satemica

lingua satem, lingua satemica

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Definizione e Significato di "satem language"
suppletion

the phenomenon in which an irregular form of a word, often a verb or adjective, is used instead of a regular form to express a different grammatical feature

suppletione, suppletazione (in morfologia)

suppletione, suppletazione (in morfologia)

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Definizione e Significato di "suppletion"
semantic narrowing

a process in language change where the meaning of a word becomes more specific or limited over time, often referring to a narrower subset of the original meaning

ristretta semantica, riduzione semantica

ristretta semantica, riduzione semantica

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Definizione e Significato di "semantic narrowing"
internal linguistic change

changes that occur within a language over time without the influence of external factors

cambiamento linguistico interno, evoluzione interna della lingua

cambiamento linguistico interno, evoluzione interna della lingua

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Definizione e Significato di "internal linguistic change"
language cluster

a group of languages that are genetically related and share common features, indicating a common origin or ancestry

cluster linguistico, famiglia di lingue

cluster linguistico, famiglia di lingue

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Definizione e Significato di "language cluster"
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