Words Related to Linguistics - Etymology and Historical Linguistics

étymon

calque

a word or phrase borrowed from one language and incorporated into another language, typically with some modifications to fit the phonological, morphological, and/or semantic patterns of the borrowing language

the process by which words or phrases are adopted from one language into another, often due to cultural contact, trade, or historical influences, resulting in the integration of foreign elements into the borrowing language

the source or point of beginning of something, such as the historical, cultural, or linguistic roots of a word, concept, or phenomenon

mot apparenté

the incorrect or mistaken explanation of the origin and development of a word or phrase based on popular belief or folk etymological reasoning

the process by which the form or meaning of a word is modified or reinterpreted based on the similarity or familiarity of its components to other words or familiar patterns, often resulting in a new, popular, but etymologically incorrect explanation

a process in language change where irregularities in the inflectional or derivational morphology of words are simplified or regularized over time

the process by which the complexity or number of morphological elements in a word or word form is reduced over time

the gradual simplification or loss of certain sounds or phonetic features within a language over time

the process whereby the original meaning or intensity of a word or expression becomes progressively weakened or diluted over time, resulting in a broader, less specific, or less potent semantic range

the process by which a word or morpheme loses its original grammatical category and acquires a more independent, lexical function

the natural and ongoing process by which languages evolve and transform over time

the process of modification and evolution in the vocabulary of a language over time

a method used in historical linguistics to infer and reconstruct the linguistic forms and features of an earlier stage of a language based on evidence from its present-day descendants

the interaction of speakers from different linguistic backgrounds, leading to the exchange and influence of linguistic features between languages

a process in language change whereby words or lexical items evolve over time to become grammatical markers or functional elements, often losing their original lexical meaning and acquiring grammatical or structural functions

la loi de Grimm

a language that has lower prestige or social power in a contact situation and influences another language (superstrate) with which it comes into contact, leaving a significant impact on its linguistic features, vocabulary, and structure

the phenomenon in which the meaning of a word or expression changes over time, resulting in a different interpretation or connotation from its original usage

the study and examination of language change and evolution over time, focusing on the historical development of linguistic features, structures, and patterns in a language or language family

the examination and study of a language at a specific point in time, emphasizing its existing linguistic features, structures, and patterns without considering their historical development or changes over time

a linguistic approach that compares related languages to uncover their shared ancestral forms and relationships

a standardized set of basic vocabulary words used in comparative linguistics to analyze similarities and differences between languages, typically consisting of around 100 to 200 words that are considered to be less subject to borrowing or change over time

the process of creating new words over time through linguistic changes and transformations

langue centum

langue satellite

supplémentation

a process in language change where the meaning of a word becomes more specific or limited over time, often referring to a narrower subset of the original meaning

changement linguistique interne

a group of languages that are genetically related and share common features, indicating a common origin or ancestry