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Ngôn Ngữ Học - Từ nguyên học và ngôn ngữ học lịch sử
Ở đây bạn sẽ học một số từ tiếng Anh liên quan đến từ nguyên học và ngôn ngữ học lịch sử như "từ mượn", "phái sinh" và "nguyên từ".
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Đố vui
the earliest known form of a word or a morpheme from which related words in different languages are derived
nguyên dạng, nguồn gốc của từ
(linguistics) a loan word or expression that is a word-by-word translation of a word or expression in another language
từ mượn dịch
a word or phrase borrowed from one language and incorporated into another language, typically with some modifications to fit the phonological, morphological, or semantic patterns of the borrowing language
từ mượn, từ vay mượn
the process by which words or phrases are adopted from one language into another, often due to cultural contact, trade, or historical influences, resulting in the integration of foreign elements into the borrowing language
vay mượn, borrowing
the source or point of beginning of something, such as the historical, cultural, or linguistic roots of a word, concept, or phenomenon
nguồn gốc, nguồn
a word that shares a common origin with another word in a different language, usually demonstrating similarities in form and meaning due to their common ancestral language
từ đồng nguyên, từ cùng gốc
the incorrect or mistaken explanation of the origin and development of a word or phrase based on popular belief or folk etymological reasoning
từ nguyên sai, nguồn gốc từ ngữ sai lầm
the process by which the form or meaning of a word is modified or reinterpreted based on the similarity or familiarity of its components to other words or familiar patterns, often resulting in a new, popular, but etymologically incorrect explanation
từ nguyên dân gian, từ nguyên sai
a process in language change where irregularities in the inflectional or derivational morphology of words are simplified or regularized over time
sự san bằng hình thái, sự đơn giản hóa hình thái
the process by which the complexity or number of morphological elements in a word or word form is reduced over time
xói mòn hình thái, giảm hình thái
the gradual simplification or loss of certain sounds or phonetic features within a language over time
xói mòn ngữ âm, sự mài mòn ngữ âm
the process whereby the original meaning or intensity of a word or expression becomes progressively weakened or diluted over time, resulting in a broader, less specific, or less potent semantic range
sự xói mòn ngữ nghĩa, sự suy yếu ngữ nghĩa
the process by which a word or morpheme loses its original grammatical category and acquires a more independent, lexical function
phi phân loại hóa, mất loại hình ngữ pháp
the natural and ongoing process by which languages evolve and transform over time
sự thay đổi ngôn ngữ, sự tiến hóa của ngôn ngữ
the process of modification and evolution in the vocabulary of a language over time
sự thay đổi từ vựng, tiến hóa từ vựng
a method used in historical linguistics to infer and reconstruct the linguistic forms and features of an earlier stage of a language based on evidence from its present-day descendants
tái cấu trúc nội bộ, tái cấu trúc ngôn ngữ nội bộ
the interaction of speakers from different linguistic backgrounds, leading to the exchange and influence of linguistic features between languages
tiếp xúc ngôn ngữ, tương tác ngôn ngữ
a process in language change whereby words or lexical items evolve over time to become grammatical markers or functional elements, often losing their original lexical meaning and acquiring grammatical or structural functions
sự ngữ pháp hóa, quá trình ngữ pháp hóa
a language that has lower prestige or social power in a contact situation and influences another language with which it comes into contact, leaving a significant impact on its linguistic features, vocabulary, and structure
ngôn ngữ nền, ngôn ngữ có ảnh hưởng thấp hơn
the phenomenon in which the meaning of a word or expression changes over time, resulting in a different interpretation or connotation from its original usage
sự thay đổi ngữ nghĩa, dịch chuyển ngữ nghĩa
the study and examination of language change and evolution over time, focusing on the historical development of linguistic features, structures, and patterns in a language or language family
phân tích lịch đại, nghiên cứu lịch đại
the examination and study of a language at a specific point in time, emphasizing its existing linguistic features, structures, and patterns without considering their historical development or changes over time
phân tích đồng đại, nghiên cứu đồng đại
a linguistic approach that compares related languages to uncover their shared ancestral forms and relationships
phương pháp so sánh, cách tiếp cận so sánh
a standardized set of basic vocabulary words used in comparative linguistics to analyze similarities and differences between languages, typically consisting of around 200 to 300 words that are considered to be less subject to borrowing or change over time
danh sách Swadesh, danh sách của Swadesh
the process of creating new words over time through linguistic changes and transformations
sự phái sinh, quá trình hình thành từ
a classification of Indo-European languages in which the palatal or velar stops of the Proto-Indo-European language merged with the plain stops, resulting in a lack of a phonemic distinction between them
ngôn ngữ centum, ngôn ngữ loại centum
a type of Indo-European language in which the original palatal or velar consonants evolved into fricatives or affricates, distinguishing it from centum languages that preserved these consonants as stops
ngôn ngữ satem, ngôn ngữ thuộc loại satem
the phenomenon in which an irregular form of a word, often a verb or adjective, is used instead of a regular form to express a different grammatical feature
sự thay thế bất quy tắc, hiện tượng suppletion
a process in language change where the meaning of a word becomes more specific or limited over time, often referring to a narrower subset of the original meaning
thu hẹp ngữ nghĩa, chuyên biệt hóa ngữ nghĩa
changes that occur within a language over time without the influence of external factors
thay đổi ngôn ngữ nội bộ, tiến hóa ngôn ngữ nội bộ
a group of languages that are genetically related and share common features, indicating a common origin or ancestry
nhóm ngôn ngữ, họ ngôn ngữ
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