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Lista Słówek Poziomu C2 - Government

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
inauguration
inauguration
[Rzeczownik]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inauguracja

inauguracja

Ex: The inauguration of the new president was attended by thousands of spectators gathered on the National Mall. 
crony capitalism
crony capitalism
[Rzeczownik]

an economic system where success in business is determined by close relationships between businesspeople and government officials, rather than market competition

kolesiostwo, kapitalizm kolesiowski

kolesiostwo, kapitalizm kolesiowski

Ex: Crony capitalism refers to a system where businesses thrive not based on their merit, but on their close relationships with government officials and politicians. 
inaugural
inaugural
[Rzeczownik]

the speech delivered by a newly elected President of the United States at their swearing-in ceremony, articulating their plans for their term in office

przemówienie inauguracyjne, mowa inauguracyjna

przemówienie inauguracyjne, mowa inauguracyjna

Ex: The President delivered a compelling inaugural, outlining the administration's key priorities and vision for the nation. 
demagogue
demagogue
[Rzeczownik]

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

demagog, prowokator

demagog, prowokator

Ex: The demagogue stirred up emotions and exploited fears to gain support for his political agenda. 
municipality
municipality
[Rzeczownik]

the governing body of a town or city

gmina, urzęd miasta

gmina, urzęd miasta

Ex: The municipality approved a budget for road repairs. 
confederation
confederation
[Rzeczownik]

a union or league of political entities or organizations, often for common purposes

konfederacja, związek

konfederacja, związek

Ex: The confederation of states agreed to share resources. 
entente
entente
[Rzeczownik]

an understanding or agreement between nations, often informal and less binding than a formal alliance

porozumienie

porozumienie

Ex: The neighboring countries entered into a diplomatic entente to peacefully resolve border disputes and promote regional stability. 
kleptocracy
kleptocracy
[Rzeczownik]

a form of government in which corrupt leaders use their power to exploit the country's resources for personal gain

kleptokracja, rząd złodziei

kleptokracja, rząd złodziei

Ex: A kleptocracy is a government system where corrupt leaders use their power to exploit the resources and wealth of a country for personal gain. 
veto
veto
[Rzeczownik]

the authority or right to forbid or reject an action, often by a head of state or executive

weto, prawo weta

weto, prawo weta

Ex: The president has the constitutional veto over bills passed by Congress. 
plutocracy
plutocracy
[Rzeczownik]

a form of government or society in which power is held and influenced primarily by the wealthy or a small privileged class

plutokracja, rządy bogatych

plutokracja, rządy bogatych

Ex: Critics argue that the country's political system has evolved into a plutocracy, where economic elites wield disproportionate influence over government policies. 
sovereignty
sovereignty
[Rzeczownik]

the supreme authority of a state or governing body to govern itself without interference from external forces

suwerenność, najwyższa władza

suwerenność, najwyższa władza

Ex: The nation asserted its sovereignty by establishing its own laws and governance structure independent of foreign influence. 
to inaugurate
to inaugurate
[Czasownik]

to officially start or introduce something

inaugurować, rozpocząć

inaugurować, rozpocząć

Ex: The president will inaugurate a new economic policy aimed at boosting employment. 
to prorogue
to prorogue
[Czasownik]

to suspend a legislative session by executive authority without dissolving the assembly

odroczyć, zawiesić

odroczyć, zawiesić

Ex: The monarch prorogued Parliament until the new session. 
to levy
to levy
[Czasownik]

to enforce a type of payment, such as fees, taxes, or fines and collect them

nakładać, ściągać

nakładać, ściągać

Ex: The HOA levied $50 fines on homeowners who didn't shovel their sidewalks during the snowstorm. 
to subsidize
to subsidize
[Czasownik]

to provide financial support, typically from the government or an organization, to help reduce the cost of goods, services, or certain activities

dotować, finansować

dotować, finansować

Ex: The government decided to subsidize the cost of public transportation to encourage its use. 
to decentralize
to decentralize
[Czasownik]

to transfer decision-making or administrative power from a central authority to local or regional entities

decentralizować, przekazywać władzę decyzyjną

decentralizować, przekazywać władzę decyzyjną

Ex: The company decided to decentralize its operations, allowing regional offices to make independent decisions tailored to local market conditions. 
to ratify
to ratify
[Czasownik]

to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

ratyfikować, oficjalnie zatwierdzać

ratyfikować, oficjalnie zatwierdzać

Ex: The members of the parliament convened to ratify the newly proposed constitution for the country. 
to federalize
to federalize
[Czasownik]

to place under the authority or jurisdiction of a federal government

sfederalizować, poddać jurysdykcji rządu federalnego

sfederalizować, poddać jurysdykcji rządu federalnego

Ex: The national government federalized the railway system. 
coronation
coronation
[Rzeczownik]

the formal ceremony or event during which a monarch or sovereign is officially crowned and invested with regal authority

koronacja

koronacja

Ex: The coronation of Queen Elizabeth II took place on June 2, 1953, at Westminster Abbey in London, England. 
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