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Cambridge IELTS 17 - Akademicki - Test 3 - Czytanie - Fragment 2 (1)

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Cambridge IELTS 17 - Academic
to derive from
to derive from
[Czasownik]

to be originated from something

pochodzić z, wywodzić się z

pochodzić z, wywodzić się z

Ex: Many modern medicines derive from natural plants and their healing properties. 
to consume
to consume
[Czasownik]

to eat or drink something

konsumować, jeść lub pić

konsumować, jeść lub pić

Ex: After a long day at work, she was ready to consume a hearty meal. 
to snack
to snack
[Czasownik]

to eat a small amount of food between meals, typically as a quick and informal meal

przekąsić,  podjadać

przekąsić, podjadać

Ex: During the movie, they like to snack on popcorn and enjoy the film. 
manufacturer
manufacturer
[Rzeczownik]

a person, company, or country that produces large numbers of products

producent, wytwórca

producent, wytwórca

Ex: The car manufacturer introduced a new model that promised better fuel efficiency. 
primarily
primarily
[przysłówek]

with a focus on the main aspects of a thing, situation, or person

głównie, przede wszystkim

głównie, przede wszystkim

Ex: The company's decision-making process is primarily focused on customer satisfaction. 
property
property
[Rzeczownik]

a feature or quality of something

właściwość, cecha

właściwość, cecha

Ex: The most desirable property of the new smartphone is its long-lasting battery life. 
packaged
packaged
[przymiotnik]

enclosed in a package or protective covering

zapakowany, opakowany

zapakowany, opakowany

to seize
to seize
[Czasownik]

to suddenly and forcibly take hold of something

chwycić, złapać

chwycić, złapać

Ex: In a panic, she reached out to seize her falling phone before it hit the ground. 
to maximize
to maximize
[Czasownik]

to increase something to the highest possible level

maksymalizować, optymalizować

maksymalizować, optymalizować

Ex: She always tries to maximize her productivity by planning her tasks efficiently. 
to devote to
to devote to
[Czasownik]

to dedicate or commit oneself, time, effort, or resources to a particular purpose, activity, or cause

poświęcać, oddawać

poświęcać, oddawać

Ex: She decided to devote her weekends to volunteering at the local animal shelter. 
to account for
to account for
[Czasownik]

to represent a specific amount or portion of a whole

stanowić, reprezentować

stanowić, reprezentować

Ex: In our team, experienced professionals account for the majority of the workforce. 
hectare
hectare
[Rzeczownik]

a land measurement unit that equals 10000 square meters or 2471 acres

hektar, Hektar to jednostka powierzchni równa 10 000 metrów kwadratowych lub około 2

hektar, Hektar to jednostka powierzchni równa 10 000 metrów kwadratowych lub około 2

Ex: A hectare is a unit of area equal to 10,000 square meters or approximately 2.47 acres. 
mere
mere
[przymiotnik]

used to highlight how insignificant, minor, or small something is

zwykły, tylko

zwykły, tylko

Ex: It's a mere scratch. 
tonne
tonne
[Rzeczownik]

a unit of weight equivalent to 1000 kilograms

tona, tona metryczna

tona, tona metryczna

figure
figure
[Rzeczownik]

a symbol that represents any number between 0 and 9

cyfra, liczba

cyfra, liczba

Ex: In mathematics, figures are used to express numerical values. 
conservationist
conservationist
[Rzeczownik]

someone who makes efforts to protect the environment and wildlife from any type of harm

konserwacjonista, obrońca środowiska

konserwacjonista, obrońca środowiska

Ex: The conservationist worked tirelessly to protect endangered species and their habitats. 
to cite
to cite
[Czasownik]

to refer to something as an example or proof

cytować, wspominać

cytować, wspominać

Ex: The lawyer cited similar court cases to argue for his client's innocence. 
plantation
plantation
[Rzeczownik]

a large piece of land where many trees are grown for harvesting

plantacja, gospodarstwo rolne

plantacja, gospodarstwo rolne

Ex: Workers walked through the plantation, checking the health of the trees. 
countless
countless
[przymiotnik]

so numerous that it cannot be easily counted or quantified

niezliczony, bez liku

niezliczony, bez liku

Ex: The night sky was filled with countless stars. 
deforestation
deforestation
[Rzeczownik]

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

wylesianie, wycinka lasów

wylesianie, wycinka lasów

Ex: Large-scale deforestation is driven by the demand for agricultural land. 
dwindling
dwindling
[przymiotnik]

gradually decreasing until little remains

malejący, zmniejszający się

malejący, zmniejszający się

population
population
[Rzeczownik]

a group of organisms of the same species inhabiting a given area

populacja

populacja

monoculture
monoculture
[Rzeczownik]

the cultivation of a single crop (on a farm or area or country)

monokultura

monokultura

industrial
industrial
[przymiotnik]

related to the manufacturing or production of goods on a large scale

przemysłowy, industrialny

przemysłowy, industrialny

Ex: The city's economy thrived due to its industrial base, which included manufacturing plants and factories. 
endangered species
endangered species
[Rzeczownik]

a type of animal or plant that is at risk of becoming extinct

gatunek zagrożony wyginięciem, zagrożony gatunek

gatunek zagrożony wyginięciem, zagrożony gatunek

Ex: The panda is one of the most well-known endangered species. 
fauna
fauna
[Rzeczownik]

the animals of a particular geological period or region

fauna, zwierzęta

fauna, zwierzęta

Ex: Exploring the lush forest, we encountered a remarkable fauna of colorful birds, elusive mammals, and vibrant insects. 
threat
threat
[Rzeczownik]

something that poses danger or the possibility of harm

zagrożenie, niebezpieczeństwo

zagrożenie, niebezpieczeństwo

Ex: Pollution is a major threat to marine life. 
biodiversity
biodiversity
[Rzeczownik]

the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment

bioróżnorodność, różnorodność biologiczna

bioróżnorodność, różnorodność biologiczna

Ex: The rainforest is known for its rich biodiversity, housing countless species of flora and fauna. 
to declare
to declare
[Czasownik]

to officially tell people something

ogłaszać, deklarować

ogłaszać, deklarować

Ex: The country's leaders gathered to declare their independence from colonial rule. 
radical
radical
[przymiotnik]

(of actions, ideas, etc.) very new and different from the norm

radykalny, rewolucyjny

radykalny, rewolucyjny

Ex: The scientist proposed a radical theory that challenged established beliefs. 
environmentalist
environmentalist
[Rzeczownik]

a person who is concerned with the environment and tries to protect it

ekolog, obrońca środowiska

ekolog, obrońca środowiska

Ex: The environmentalist organized a campaign to raise awareness about plastic pollution in the oceans. 
to boycott
to boycott
[Czasownik]

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

bojkotować, uczestniczyć w bojkocie

bojkotować, uczestniczyć w bojkocie

Ex: Many customers boycotted the store after its poor customer service. 
to argue
to argue
[Czasownik]

to provide reasons when saying something is the case, particularly to persuade others that one is right

argumentować, dyskutować

argumentować, dyskutować

Ex: He argued that increasing funding for education would lead to long-term benefits for society. 
dramatic
dramatic
[przymiotnik]

surprising or exciting in appearance or effect

spektakularny, dramatyczny

spektakularny, dramatyczny

Ex: The sunset painted the sky in dramatic hues of orange and pink. 
intuitive
intuitive
[przymiotnik]

based on or derived from instinct rather than rational analysis

intuicyjny, instynktowny

intuicyjny, instynktowny

Ex: She had an intuitive understanding of how people felt. 
argument
argument
[Rzeczownik]

a reason or sets of reasons presented to show the correctness or falsehood of an action or idea

argument,  rozumowanie

argument, rozumowanie

nuanced
nuanced
[przymiotnik]

showing subtle differences or complexities, often in a way that requires careful consideration

zniuansowany, z subtelnymi różnicami

zniuansowany, z subtelnymi różnicami

Ex: The book provided a nuanced perspective on the issue. 
vital
vital
[przymiotnik]

absolutely necessary and of great importance

istotny, niezbędny

istotny, niezbędny

Ex: Adequate hydration is vital for maintaining overall health. 
desirable
desirable
[przymiotnik]

worth doing or having

pożądany, atrakcyjny

pożądany, atrakcyjny

Ex: The job offer came with a desirable salary and benefits package. 
to eliminate
to eliminate
[Czasownik]

to fully remove or get rid of something

wyeliminować, wytępić

wyeliminować, wytępić

Ex: The exterminator worked to eliminate the infestation of pests in the house. 
supply chain
supply chain
[Rzeczownik]

the sequence of processes, organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in producing and delivering a product or service from its origin to the final customer

łańcuch dostaw, łańcuch zaopatrzenia

łańcuch dostaw, łańcuch zaopatrzenia

Ex: Disruptions in the global supply chain caused delays in product delivery. 
developing country
developing country
[Rzeczownik]

a country that is seeking industrial development and is moving away from an economic system that is based mainly on agriculture

kraj rozwijający się, kraj rozwijany

kraj rozwijający się, kraj rozwijany

Ex: Many developing countries are investing heavily in infrastructure to boost their industrial sectors. 
livelihood
livelihood
[Rzeczownik]

the resources or activities upon which an individual or household depends for their sustenance and survival

środki do życia, utrzymanie

środki do życia, utrzymanie

Ex: Farming is the primary livelihood for many rural communities, providing food and income. 
to strike
to strike
[Czasownik]

to successfully reach, achieve, or establish something that requires agreement or compromise

zawrzeć, ustanowić

zawrzeć, ustanowić

Ex: The two parties struck a deal after hours of negotiation. 
utilitarian
utilitarian
[przymiotnik]

having a design that prioritizes practicality and usefulness over aesthetics

utylitarny,  funkcjonalny

utylitarny, funkcjonalny

Ex: The building had a utilitarian design, focused on efficiency. 
cropland
cropland
[Rzeczownik]

land that is used for growing crops like wheat, rice, or vegetables

grunty orne, ziemia uprawna

grunty orne, ziemia uprawna

Ex: The farmer owns a large area of cropland near the river. 
bone of contention

a subject over which people disagree

kość niezgody, przedmiot sporu

kość niezgody, przedmiot sporu

Ex: The allocation of funds became the bone of contention during the budget meeting, leading to heated debates among department heads. 
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