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Cambridge IELTS 17 - Akademiko - Pagsusulit 3 - Pagbasa - Talata 2 (1)

Dito mo makikita ang bokabularyo mula sa Test 3 - Reading - Passage 2 (1) sa Cambridge IELTS 17 - Academic coursebook, upang matulungan kang maghanda para sa iyong IELTS exam.

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Cambridge IELTS 17 - Academic

to be originated from something

nagmula sa, hinango mula sa

nagmula sa, hinango mula sa

Ex: His theories are derived from years of extensive research .Ang kanyang mga teorya ay **nagmula sa** mga taon ng malawak na pananaliksik.
to consume
[Pandiwa]

to eat or drink something

konsumahin, kainin o inumin

konsumahin, kainin o inumin

Ex: In the cozy café , patrons consumed hot beverages and freshly baked pastries .Sa maginhawang café, **kumonsumo** ang mga suki ng mainit na inumin at sariwang lutong pastry.
to snack
[Pandiwa]

to eat a small amount of food between meals, typically as a quick and informal meal

mag-merienda,  kumain ng meryenda

mag-merienda, kumain ng meryenda

Ex: To curb their hunger before dinner , they snacked on hummus and vegetable sticks .Upang pigilan ang kanilang gutom bago ang hapunan, **kumain sila ng meryenda** ng hummus at vegetable sticks.
manufacturer
[Pangngalan]

a person, company, or country that produces large numbers of products

tagagawa, prodyuser

tagagawa, prodyuser

Ex: A well-known toy manufacturer launched a line of eco-friendly products for children .Isang kilalang **tagagawa** ng laruan ay naglunsad ng isang linya ng mga produktong eco-friendly para sa mga bata.
primarily
[pang-abay]

with a focus on the main aspects of a thing, situation, or person

pangunahin, una sa lahat

pangunahin, una sa lahat

Ex: The success of the recipe is primarily dependent on the quality of ingredients .Ang tagumpay ng resipe ay **pangunahing** nakadepende sa kalidad ng mga sangkap.
property
[Pangngalan]

a feature or quality of something

ari-arian, katangian

ari-arian, katangian

Ex: Elasticity is a material property that measures its ability to return to its original shape after being deformed .Ang **elasticity** ay isang **katangian** ng materyal na sumusukat sa kakayahan nitong bumalik sa orihinal na hugis pagkatapos ma-deform.
packaged
[pang-uri]

enclosed in a package or protective covering

nakabalot, nakapackage

nakabalot, nakapackage

to seize
[Pandiwa]

to suddenly and forcibly take hold of something

dakpin, agawin

dakpin, agawin

Ex: To protect the child , the parent had to seize their arm and pull them away from danger .Upang protektahan ang bata, kinailangan ng magulang na **hawakan** ang kanilang braso at hilahin sila palayo sa panganib.
to maximize
[Pandiwa]

to increase something to the highest possible level

palakihin nang husto, i-optimize

palakihin nang husto, i-optimize

Ex: The company aims to maximize profits through strategic marketing .Ang kumpanya ay naglalayong **i-maximize** ang mga kita sa pamamagitan ng strategic marketing.
to devote to
[Pandiwa]

to dedicate or commit oneself, time, effort, or resources to a particular purpose, activity, or cause

italaga sa, ialay sa

italaga sa, ialay sa

Ex: The artist has devoted her entire career to expressing social issues through her powerful artwork.Ang artista ay **itinuring** ang kanyang buong karera sa pagpapahayag ng mga isyung panlipunan sa pamamagitan ng kanyang makapangyarihang sining.

to represent a specific amount or portion of a whole

kumatawan, bumubuo

kumatawan, bumubuo

Ex: The expenses related to marketing activities account for a substantial part of the overall budget .Ang mga gastos na may kaugnayan sa mga gawaing marketing ay **bumubuo** ng isang malaking bahagi ng kabuuang badyet.
hectare
[Pangngalan]

a land measurement unit that equals 10000 square meters or 2471 acres

ektarya, Ang isang ektarya ay isang yunit ng lugar na katumbas ng 10

ektarya, Ang isang ektarya ay isang yunit ng lugar na katumbas ng 10

Ex: The average size of a farm in many countries is measured in hectares, reflecting agricultural productivity and land use patterns .Ang average na laki ng isang bukid sa maraming bansa ay sinusukat sa **ektarya**, na sumasalamin sa produktibidad ng agrikultura at mga pattern ng paggamit ng lupa.
mere
[pang-uri]

used to highlight how insignificant, minor, or small something is

lamang, simple

lamang, simple

Ex: The hike seemed challenging , but it was a mere walk in the park for experienced hikers .Ang hike ay tila mahirap, ngunit ito ay isang **simpleng** lakad lamang sa parke para sa mga eksperyensiyadong hiker.
tonne
[Pangngalan]

a unit of weight equivalent to 1000 kilograms

tonelada, metrikong tonelada

tonelada, metrikong tonelada

figure
[Pangngalan]

a symbol that represents any number between 0 and 9

digit, numero

digit, numero

Ex: The financial report includes various figures representing revenue and expenses .Ang financial report ay may iba't ibang **figure** na kumakatawan sa kita at gastos.
conservationist
[Pangngalan]

someone who makes efforts to protect the environment and wildlife from any type of harm

konserbasyonista, tagapagtanggol ng kalikasan

konserbasyonista, tagapagtanggol ng kalikasan

Ex: The conservationist campaigned successfully to establish wildlife reserves in threatened areas .Ang **konserbasyonista** ay nagkampanya nang matagumpay upang magtatag ng mga reserba ng wildlife sa mga lugar na nanganganib.
to cite
[Pandiwa]

to refer to something as an example or proof

banggitin, tukuyin

banggitin, tukuyin

Ex: The manager cited successful business strategies to propose changes in the company .Ang manager ay **binanggit** ang matagumpay na mga estratehiya sa negosyo upang magmungkahi ng mga pagbabago sa kumpanya.
plantation
[Pangngalan]

a large piece of land where many trees are grown for harvesting

plantasyon, taniman

plantasyon, taniman

Ex: Birds and other animals lived among the trees in the plantation.Ang mga ibon at iba pang hayop ay nanirahan sa gitna ng mga puno sa **plantasyon**.
countless
[pang-uri]

so numerous that it cannot be easily counted or quantified

di-mabilang, walang bilang

di-mabilang, walang bilang

Ex: She has made countless contributions to the community over the years .Siya ay gumawa ng **walang katapusang** mga kontribusyon sa komunidad sa loob ng maraming taon.
deforestation
[Pangngalan]

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

pagkalbo ng kagubatan, pagtrotroso

pagkalbo ng kagubatan, pagtrotroso

Ex: Activists are protesting against companies responsible for massive deforestation.Nagproprotesta ang mga aktibista laban sa mga kumpanyang responsable sa malawakang **deforestation**.
dwindling
[pang-uri]

gradually decreasing until little remains

bumababa, umiiksi

bumababa, umiiksi

population
[Pangngalan]

a group of organisms of the same species inhabiting a given area

populasyon

populasyon

monoculture
[Pangngalan]

the cultivation of a single crop (on a farm or area or country)

monoculture

monoculture

industrial
[pang-uri]

related to the manufacturing or production of goods on a large scale

pang-industriya, may kinalaman sa industriya

pang-industriya, may kinalaman sa industriya

Ex: Industrial design focuses on creating products that are both functional and aesthetically pleasing .Ang disenyo **pang-industriya** ay nakatuon sa paglikha ng mga produkto na parehong functional at kaaya-aya sa paningin.
endangered species
[Pangngalan]

a type of animal or plant that is at risk of becoming extinct

nanganganib na uri, uri na nanganganib maubos

nanganganib na uri, uri na nanganganib maubos

Ex: Protecting endangered species is critical for maintaining biodiversity .Ang pagprotekta sa **mga nanganganib na species** ay kritikal para sa pagpapanatili ng biodiversity.
fauna
[Pangngalan]

the animals of a particular geological period or region

hayop, fauna

hayop, fauna

Ex: Climate change poses a threat to the Arctic fauna, endangering species like polar bears and Arctic foxes .Ang pagbabago ng klima ay nagdudulot ng banta sa **fauna** ng Arctic, na naglalagay sa panganib ng mga species tulad ng polar bear at Arctic fox.
threat
[Pangngalan]

someone or something that is possible to cause danger, trouble, or harm

banta, panganib

banta, panganib

Ex: The snake ’s venomous bite is a real threat to humans if not treated promptly .Ang makamandag na kagat ng ahas ay isang tunay na **banta** sa mga tao kung hindi agad malulunasan.
biodiversity
[Pangngalan]

the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment

biodibersidad, pagkakaiba-iba ng buhay

biodibersidad, pagkakaiba-iba ng buhay

Ex: Marine biodiversity in coral reefs is threatened by rising ocean temperatures and pollution .Ang **biodiversity** ng dagat sa coral reefs ay nanganganib dahil sa pagtaas ng temperatura ng karagatan at polusyon.
to declare
[Pandiwa]

to officially tell people something

ideklara, ipahayag

ideklara, ipahayag

Ex: He declared his intention to run for mayor in the upcoming election .**Ipinaalam** niya ang kanyang hangarin na tumakbo bilang alkalde sa darating na halalan.
radical
[pang-uri]

(of actions, ideas, etc.) very new and different from the norm

radikal, rebolusyonaryo

radikal, rebolusyonaryo

Ex: She took a radical step by quitting her job to travel the world .Gumawa siya ng **radikal** na hakbang sa pamamagitan ng pag-alis sa kanyang trabaho para maglakbay sa buong mundo.
environmentalist
[Pangngalan]

a person who is concerned with the environment and tries to protect it

environmentalista, tagapagtanggol ng kalikasan

environmentalista, tagapagtanggol ng kalikasan

Ex: The environmentalist worked with local communities to promote sustainable farming practices .Ang **environmentalist** ay nagtrabaho kasama ang mga lokal na komunidad upang itaguyod ang mga sustainable farming practices.
to boycott
[Pandiwa]

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

boykotehin, sumali sa boycott

boykotehin, sumali sa boycott

Ex: The school boycotted the exam because of unfair grading policies .Ang paaralan ay **nag-boykot** sa pagsusulit dahil sa hindi patas na mga patakaran sa pagmamarka.
to argue
[Pandiwa]

to provide reasons when saying something is the case, particularly to persuade others that one is right

makipagtalo, magtalo

makipagtalo, magtalo

Ex: He argued against the proposal , citing potential negative consequences for the economy .Siya ay **nagtalo** laban sa panukala, na binanggit ang posibleng negatibong mga kahihinatnan para sa ekonomiya.
dramatic
[pang-uri]

surprising or exciting in appearance or effect

kamangha-mangha, dramatiko

kamangha-mangha, dramatiko

Ex: His entrance at the party was dramatic, capturing everyone 's attention immediately .Ang kanyang pagpasok sa party ay **dramatik**, agad na nakakuha ng atensyon ng lahat.
intuitive
[pang-uri]

based on or derived from instinct rather than rational analysis

intuitibo, likas

intuitibo, likas

Ex: The intuitive solution to the problem came to her in the middle of the night .Ang **intuitive** na solusyon sa problema ay dumating sa kanya sa kalagitnaan ng gabi.
argument
[Pangngalan]

a reason or sets of reasons presented to show the correctness or falsehood of an action or idea

argumento,  pangangatwiran

argumento, pangangatwiran

nuanced
[pang-uri]

showing subtle differences or complexities, often in a way that requires careful consideration

may pagkakaiba-iba, may maselang mga pagkakaiba

may pagkakaiba-iba, may maselang mga pagkakaiba

Ex: The painting was nuanced, with delicate shades and textures.Ang painting ay **may nuance**, may mga delikadong shade at texture.
vital
[pang-uri]

absolutely necessary and of great importance

mahalaga, kailangan

mahalaga, kailangan

Ex: Good communication is vital for effective teamwork .Ang mabuting komunikasyon ay **mahalaga** para sa epektibong pagtutulungan.
desirable
[pang-uri]

worth doing or having

kanais-nais, kaakit-akit

kanais-nais, kaakit-akit

Ex: The new smartphone boasted many desirable features , including a high-resolution camera and long battery life .Ang bagong smartphone ay may maraming **kanais-nais** na mga tampok, kabilang ang isang high-resolution camera at mahabang buhay ng baterya.
to eliminate
[Pandiwa]

to fully remove or get rid of something

alisin, lipulin

alisin, lipulin

Ex: Personal protective measures , such as vaccination , can help eliminate the spread of certain diseases .Ang mga personal na pananggalang na hakbang, tulad ng pagbabakuna, ay maaaring makatulong na **maalis** ang pagkalat ng ilang mga sakit.
supply chain
[Pangngalan]

the sequence of processes, organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in producing and delivering a product or service from its origin to the final customer

kadena ng suplay, kadena ng paghahatid

kadena ng suplay, kadena ng paghahatid

developing country
[Pangngalan]

a country that is seeking industrial development and is moving away from an economic system that is based mainly on agriculture

bansang umuunlad, bansang nagpapaunlad

bansang umuunlad, bansang nagpapaunlad

Ex: Technology transfer agreements are helping developing countries improve their industrial capabilities .Ang mga kasunduan sa paglilipat ng teknolohiya ay tumutulong sa mga **bansang umuunlad** na mapabuti ang kanilang mga kakayahan sa industriya.
livelihood
[Pangngalan]

the resources or activities upon which an individual or household depends for their sustenance and survival

kabuhayan, ikinabubuhay

kabuhayan, ikinabubuhay

Ex: Freelancing has become a popular livelihood option , allowing individuals to work remotely and pursue their passions while earning income .Ang **freelancing** ay naging isang popular na opsyon sa kabuhayan, na nagpapahintulot sa mga indibidwal na magtrabaho nang malayo at ituloy ang kanilang mga hilig habang kumikita.
to strike
[Pandiwa]

to successfully reach, achieve, or establish something that requires agreement or compromise

magkasundo, itatag

magkasundo, itatag

Ex: The team struck a partnership with a leading brand to boost sponsorships .Ang koponan ay **nakipag-partner** sa isang nangungunang brand upang mapalakas ang mga sponsorship.
utilitarian
[pang-uri]

having a design that prioritizes practicality and usefulness over aesthetics

panggamit,  punksiyonal

panggamit, punksiyonal

Ex: The room was sparse but utilitarian, equipped with only the essentials .Ang silid ay kalat ngunit **praktikal**, nilagyan lamang ng mga pangunahing pangangailangan.
cropland
[Pangngalan]

land that is used for growing crops like wheat, rice, or vegetables

lupang taniman, lupang sakahan

lupang taniman, lupang sakahan

Ex: Too much rain can damage the cropland and reduce the harvest.Masyadong maraming ulan ay maaaring makasira sa **lupang taniman** at bawasan ang ani.

a subject over which people disagree

Ex: When negotiating the contract, the compensation package emerged as the primary bone of contention, delaying the agreement between the employer and the candidate.
Cambridge IELTS 17 - Akademiko
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