Științe ACT - Anatomie și Genetică

a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell

haploid

a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli

răspuns precoce la creștere, reacție timpurie la creștere

(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

diafragmă

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

apendice

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

intestinal, intestinal

the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions

cortex prefrontal, cortex frontal

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

splină, organul splinei

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

smalț, smalț dentar

(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone

claviculă

(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations

cohlea

the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen

cecum, intestin cecal

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

torso

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

arteră

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

articulație, junctură

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

coloana vertebrală, spina dorsală

(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body

tract, sistem de tract

relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it

coronarian

related to the thyroid gland, a small organ in the neck that produces hormones affecting metabolism and growth

tiroidian, tiroidal

the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot

talus

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

vezica urinară, sacul urinar

relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species

reproductiv, reproductivă

relating to any of the five senses

sensorial, senzitiv

relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch

tactil, legat de atingere

(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina

retinal, referitor la retină

related to the ability of hearing

auditiv, referitor la auz

relating to sight or vision

opțional, referitor la vedere

a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

cromozom

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

genotip

the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

fenotip

to receive traits or attributes from a previous generation through genetic inheritance

a moșteni, a primi moștenire

to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques

modifica, schimba

the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family

linie, descendență

a person from whom other offsprings are descended

progenitor, antecesor

(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome

transgenic, modificat genetic

a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

genetician, specialist în genetică

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

genom

a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities

cariotip

the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods

eugenie

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

alel

(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents

recesiv, de tip recesiv

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

dominant, preponderent

the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits

expresie genetică, expresia genelor

a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two

trisomie, trisomie a cromozomului 21

the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division

centromer

a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands

palindrom

the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques

citogenetică

any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information

autosom, cromozom autosomal

the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression

transfecție

in a manner that is related to genetics or genes

genetic

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

mutație, schimbare genetică