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Știința ACT - Anatomie și Genetică

Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte în limba engleză legate de anatomie și genetică, cum ar fi „trisomie”, „alele”, „cecum”, etc., care vă vor ajuta să vă îmbunătățiți ACT-urile.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
haploid

a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell

haploid

haploid

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early growth response

a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli

răspuns precoce la creștere

răspuns precoce la creștere

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diaphragm

(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

diafragmă

diafragmă

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appendix

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

apendice

apendice

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intestinal

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

intestinal

intestinal

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prefrontal cortex

the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions

cortex prefrontal

cortex prefrontal

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spleen

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

splină

splină

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enamel

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

smalț

smalț

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clavicle

(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone

claviculă

claviculă

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cochlea

(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations

cohlea

cohlea

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cecum

the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen

cecum

cecum

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torso

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

torso

torso

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artery

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

arteră

arteră

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joint

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

articulație

articulație

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spine

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

coloana vertebrală

coloana vertebrală

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tract

(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body

tract

tract

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coronary

relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it

coronarian

coronarian

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thyroid

related to the thyroid gland, a small organ in the neck that produces hormones affecting metabolism and growth

tiroidian

tiroidian

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talus

the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot

talus

talus

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bladder

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

vezica urinară

vezica urinară

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reproductive

relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species

reproductiv

reproductiv

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sensory

relating to any of the five senses

sensorial

sensorial

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tactile

relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch

tactil

tactil

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retinal

(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina

retinal

retinal

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auditory

related to the ability of hearing

auditiv

auditiv

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optical

relating to sight or vision

opțional

opțional

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chromosome

a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

cromozom

cromozom

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genotype

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

genotip

genotip

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phenotype

the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

fenotip

fenotip

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to inherit

to receive traits or attributes from a previous generation through genetic inheritance

a moșteni

a moșteni

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to modify

to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques

modifica

modifica

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lineage

the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family

linie

linie

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progenitor

a person from whom other offsprings are descended

progenitor

progenitor

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transgenic

(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome

transgenic

transgenic

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geneticist

a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

genetician

genetician

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genome

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

genom

genom

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karyotype

a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities

cariotip

cariotip

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eugenics

the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods

eugenie

eugenie

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allele

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

alel

alel

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recessive

(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents

recesiv

recesiv

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dominant

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

dominant

dominant

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expression

the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits

expresie genetică

expresie genetică

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trisomy

a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two

trisomie

trisomie

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centromere

the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division

centromer

centromer

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palindrome

a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands

palindrom

palindrom

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cytogenetics

the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques

citogenetică

citogenetică

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autosome

any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information

autosom

autosom

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transfection

the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression

transfecție

transfecție

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genetically

in a manner that is related to genetics or genes

genetic

genetic

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mutation

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

mutație

mutație

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