ACT科学 - 解剖学和遗传学
在这里你将学习一些与解剖学和遗传学相关的英语单词,例如“trisomy”、“allele”、“cecum”等,这将帮助你在ACT考试中取得好成绩。
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a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell
单倍体
a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli
早期生长反应
a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected
阑尾
relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body
肠道的
the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions
前额叶皮层
(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone
锁骨
(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations
耳蜗
a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around
关节
the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body
脊柱
(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body
道
related to the thyroid gland, a small organ in the neck that produces hormones affecting metabolism and growth
甲状腺的
the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot
距骨
relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species
生殖的
(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina
视网膜的
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information
染色体
the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents
基因型
the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment
表型
to receive traits or attributes from a previous generation through genetic inheritance
继承
to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques
修改
(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome
转基因的
a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes
遗传学家
a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities
染色体核型
the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods
优生学
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome
等位基因
(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents
隐性
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
显性
the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits
基因表达
a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two
三体症
the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division
着丝粒
a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands
回文
the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques
细胞遗传学
any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information
常染色体
the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression
转染
(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features
突变