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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic - Test 1 - Lectură - Pasaj 1 (2)

Learn vocabulary from the second part of Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic, Test 1 Reading Passage 1, with useful words and expressions from the text.

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
to maximize

to increase something to the highest possible level

maximiza, optimiza

maximiza, optimiza

Ex: She always tries to maximize her productivity by planning her tasks efficiently. 

Ea încearcă întotdeauna să-și maximizeze productivitatea planificând eficient sarcinile sale.

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competitive
competitive
[adjectiv]

referring to a situation in which teams, players, etc. are trying to defeat their rivals

competitiv, concurențial

competitiv, concurențial

Ex: The sports team plays in a highly competitive league. 

Echipa sportivă joacă într-o ligă foarte competitivă.

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advantage
advantage
[substantiv]

a condition that causes a person or thing to be more successful compared to others

avantaj

avantaj

Ex: The home team's familiarity with the field provided them with an advantage in the soccer match. 
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mainly
mainly
[adverb]

most often or in most cases

în principal, în mare parte

în principal, în mare parte

Ex: The economy of the country is mainly driven by its agricultural sector. 

Economia țării este în principal condusă de sectorul său agricol.

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to date back

to have origins or existence that extends to a specific earlier time

data de la, își are originile în

data de la, își are originile în

Ex: The ancient ruins in the valley date back to the time of the Roman Empire. 

Ruinele antice din vale datează din vremea Imperiului Roman.

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amateur
amateur
[adjectiv]

done or pursued for pleasure rather than as a profession or for payment

amator,  amatoricesc

amator, amatoricesc

Ex: She performs with a local amateur theater group. 
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so-called
so-called
[adjectiv]

referring to a name commonly used for something

așa-numit, pretins

așa-numit, pretins

Ex: He is part of the so-called digital nomad lifestyle. 

El face parte din așa-numitul stil de viață nomad digital.

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spaghetti-strung

(of a tennis racket) having strings arranged in a loose, irregular pattern, often creating an exaggerated and springy effect

cu coarde spaghetti, cu corzi aranjate liber și neregulat

cu coarde spaghetti, cu corzi aranjate liber și neregulat

Ex: His spaghetti-strung racket was a joke during the exhibition match. 

Racheta lui cu coarde de spaghete a fost o glumă în timpul meciului de exhibiție.

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stringbed
stringbed
[substantiv]

the arrangement of strings in a racket that forms the surface which makes contact with the ball or shuttlecock

suprafața coardelor, aranjarea coardelor

suprafața coardelor, aranjarea coardelor

Ex: The stringbed of the racket was carefully strung to enhance ball control. 

Suprafața cu coarde a rachetei a fost întinsă cu grijă pentru a îmbunătăți controlul mingii.

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to generate

to cause or give rise to something

genera, produce

genera, produce

Ex: The development of renewable energy technologies has generated opportunities for job growth in the clean energy sector. 
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topspin
topspin
[substantiv]

a stroke in racket sports such as tennis or table tennis where the player hits the ball with forward spin

topspin, rotatie înainte

topspin, rotatie înainte

Ex: She used topspin to keep the ball deep in the court. 

Ea a folosit topspin pentru a menține mingea adânc în teren.

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to ban
to ban
[verb]

to officially forbid a particular action, item, or practice

interzice, banui

interzice, banui

Ex: The social media platform implemented a new policy to ban hate speech and discriminatory content. 
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federation
federation
[substantiv]

the act or process of joining separate organizations, regions, or other bodies to form a larger federation

federare,  federalizare

federare, federalizare

Ex: The federation of the two associations created a much larger organization. 
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{sth} or two
something or two
[determinant]

used to indicate a small number or amount of something

unul sau două, câteva

unul sau două, câteva

Ex: I'll have a cookie or two after dinner. 

Voi lua un biscuite sau doi după cină.

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regularity
regularity
[substantiv]

the quality of being consistent, steady, or predictable in occurrence or pattern

regularitate, constanță

regularitate, constanță

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aspect
aspect
[substantiv]

a defining or distinctive feature of something

aspect, caracteristică

aspect, caracteristică

Ex: Every aspect of the team's performance was analyzed after the match. 
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significance
significance
[substantiv]

the state of being important or worthy of attention

semnificație, importanță

semnificație, importanță

Ex: His speech addressed the social significance of education in modern society. 
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nutrition
nutrition
[substantiv]

food that is essential to one's growth and health

nutriție, alimentație

nutriție, alimentație

Ex: As an athlete, he pays close attention to his nutrition, ensuring that his diet provides the fuel and nutrients needed for optimal performance. 

Ca atlet, acordă o atenție deosebită nutriției sale, asigurându-se că dieta sa furnizează combustibilul și nutrienții necesari pentru o performanță optimă.

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category
category
[substantiv]

a group of items that share a common feature

categorie

categorie

Ex: All the recipes are grouped into different categories such as appetizers, main courses, and desserts. 
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former
former
[adjectiv]

referring to the first of two things mentioned

primul, anterior

primul, anterior

Ex: She debated between two apartments to rent, ultimately selecting the former option due to its proximity to public transportation. 
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far
far
[adverb]

to a large degree

mult, considerabil

mult, considerabil

Ex: The weather was far too hot for comfort. 
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latter
latter
[adjectiv]

referring to the second of two things mentioned

ultimul, al doilea

ultimul, al doilea

Ex: Among the two books recommended by the professor, I found the latter one more insightful. 
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tension
tension
[substantiv]

(physics) the state of being under pressure as a result of getting stretched

tensiune, presiune

tensiune, presiune

Ex: The rubber band snapped under too much tension. 
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to install

to set a piece of equipment in place and make it ready for use

instala, monta

instala, monta

Ex: The electrician was called to install the lighting fixtures in the newly constructed room. 
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continually
continually
[adverb]

in a way that happens repeatedly, often annoyingly

continuu,  neîncetat

continuu, neîncetat

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various
various
[adjectiv]

several and of different types or kinds

diverse, variate

diverse, variate

Ex: The store sells various types of fruits and vegetables. 

Magazinul vinde diverse tipuri de fructe și legume.

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including
including
[prepoziție]

used to point out that something or someone is part of a set or group

inclusiv, inclus

inclusiv, inclus

Ex: He has visited many countries, including France, Italy, and Spain. 

A vizitat multe țări, inclusiv Franța, Italia și Spania.

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court
court
[substantiv]

an area where people can play basketball, tennis, etc.

teren, teren de joc

teren, teren de joc

Ex: She reserved a tennis court for her lesson tomorrow. 
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gut
gut
[substantiv]

a type of string or cord made from the natural fibers found in the intestines of animals, often used in sports equipment like tennis rackets or musical instruments

coardă de intestin, coardă naturală din fibre intestinale

coardă de intestin, coardă naturală din fibre intestinale

Ex: The violin's strings were made from gut, offering a rich sound quality. 
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intestine
intestine
[substantiv]

a long, continuous tube in the body through which the food coming from the stomach moves and is passed

intestin

intestin

Ex: The doctor explained that the intestine is crucial for nutrient absorption and digestion. 

Medicul a explicat că intestinul este crucial pentru absorbția nutrienților și digestie.

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durable
durable
[adjectiv]

able to resist wear, damage, or decay

rezistent, durabil

rezistent, durabil

Ex: The boots are durable and suitable for rough terrain. 

Cizmele sunt durabile și potrivite pentru teren accidentat.

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nylon
nylon
[substantiv]

a tough synthetic fiber that is light and elastic, used in textile industry

nylon, fibră sintetică

nylon, fibră sintetică

Ex: Her raincoat was made of waterproof nylon, perfect for stormy weather. 

Impermeabila ei era confecționată din nylon impermeabil, perfectă pentru vreme furtunoasă.

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stiff
stiff
[adjectiv]

firm and difficult to bend or change shape

Ex: The new leather shoes felt stiff at first. 
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Kevlar
Kevlar
[substantiv]

a strong, lightweight material made from synthetic fibers, often used in protective gear such as bulletproof vests, helmets, and tires because of its high resistance to impact

Kevlar, un material puternic și ușor fabricat din fibre sintetice

Kevlar, un material puternic și ușor fabricat din fibre sintetice

Ex: The soldier wore a Kevlar vest for protection during the mission. 

Soldatul purta o vestă din Kevlar pentru protecție în timpul misiunii.

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copolyester
copolyester
[substantiv]

a type of plastic made by combining two or more different chemical compounds to enhance strength, flexibility, and durability

copoliester, un tip de plastic realizat prin combinarea a două sau mai multe compuși chimici diferiți pentru a îmbunătăți rezistența

copoliester, un tip de plastic realizat prin combinarea a două sau mai multe compuși chimici diferiți pentru a îmbunătăți rezistența

Ex: This fabric is made from copolyester, offering better flexibility and strength. 

Acest material este fabricat din copoliester, oferind o flexibilitate și rezistență mai bună.

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polyester
polyester
[substantiv]

a synthetic fiber that is quick to dry and is widely used in textile industry

poliester, poliester

poliester, poliester

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to combine

(of different elements) to come together in order to shape a single unit or a group

combina, fuziona

combina, fuziona

Ex: In the orchestra, various instruments combine to create a harmonious symphony. 
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additive
additive
[substantiv]

a substance that is added in small quantities to something else to improve or preserve its quality, appearance, or effectiveness

aditiv, agent de adăugare

aditiv, agent de adăugare

Ex: The food manufacturer used a natural additive to enhance the flavor of the product. 

Producătorul de alimente a folosit un aditiv natural pentru a îmbunătăți aroma produsului.

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hybrid
hybrid
[adjectiv]

combining two or more different elements, often from different sources or types

hibrid, mixt

hibrid, mixt

Ex: The new hybrid laptop can function as both a tablet and a regular computer. 

Noul laptop hibrid poate funcționa atât ca tabletă, cât și ca computer obișnuit.

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setup
setup
[substantiv]

the arrangement or organization of equipment, tools, or elements in a specific way, typically designed to achieve a particular function or performance

configurare, aranjament

configurare, aranjament

Ex: The player's setup included a mix of both synthetic and natural strings for better control and power. 

Configurația jucătorului includea un amestec de corzi sintetice și naturale pentru un control și o putere mai bună.

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by far
by far
[adverb]

to a significant or notable degree beyond all others

departe, considerabil

departe, considerabil

Ex: This is by far the best book I have read. 

Aceasta este de departe cea mai bună carte pe care am citit-o vreodată.

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fit
fit
[substantiv]

something that is well-suited or ideal for a particular purpose, style, or situation

potrivire, adecvare

potrivire, adecvare

Ex: The new coach was a perfect fit for the team's needs. 
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to tend
to tend
[verb]

to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern

tinde, avea tendința

tinde, avea tendința

Ex: People from that region tend to be fluent in multiple languages due to their diverse cultural influences. 
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to battle out

to compete, argue, or fight until a decision, winner, or resolution is reached

a se lupta până la capăt, a concura până la capăt

a se lupta până la capăt, a concura până la capăt

Ex: The teams battled it out for the championship title. 

Echipele au luptat pentru titlul de campion.

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net
net
[substantiv]

the barrier in the middle of a court over which players hit the ball, used in sports such as tennis

plasă, rețea

plasă, rețea

Ex: She reached the net quickly to volley the ball back to her opponent's side. 
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to indicate

to show, point out, or suggest the existence, presence, or nature of something

indica, arăta

indica, arăta

Ex: The experiment indicates a positive correlation between the variables. 
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spin
spin
[substantiv]

rotation deliberately given to a ball so that its movement or bounce changes

efect,  rotire

efect, rotire

Ex: The tennis player put heavy spin on the ball. 
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in (a|one) sense
in a sense
[adverb]

from a certain perspective or interpretation, though not in every way

într-un anumit sens, din anumite puncte de vedere

într-un anumit sens, din anumite puncte de vedere

Ex: The two teams are, in a sense, evenly matched. 

Cele două echipe sunt, într-un sens, la egalitate.

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to revolutionize

to change something in a significant or fundamental way

revolutiona, a schimba fundamental

revolutiona, a schimba fundamental

Ex: The invention of the internet revolutionized the way people communicate and access information. 

Inventarea internetului a revoluționat modul în care oamenii comunică și accesează informațiile.

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beyond
beyond
[prepoziție]

outside the limits of something in distance, reach, or capacity

dincolo de, în afara

dincolo de, în afara

Ex: The shelf was beyond his reach without a ladder. 

Raftul era dincolo de întinderea lui fără o scară.

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adjustment
adjustment
[substantiv]

the act of changing something so that it is more suitable for particular circumstances or needs

ajustare,  adaptare

ajustare, adaptare

Ex: The schedule required some adjustment to meet the needs of the new staff. 
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serving
serving
[substantiv]

the act of putting the ball into play by hitting or throwing it to start a point in sports like tennis, volleyball, or table tennis

serviciu, lovitură de start

serviciu, lovitură de start

Ex: The player practiced serving for an hour to improve accuracy. 

Jucătorul a practicat servirea timp de o oră pentru a îmbunătăți precizia.

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to attribute

to relate or assign a feature or quality to something or someone

atribui, repartiza

atribui, repartiza

Ex: With its awe-inspiring architecture and rich cultural heritage, the city is often attributed with a vibrant and diverse cultural scene. 
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lead
lead
[substantiv]

a heavy soft metal, used in making bullets, in plumbing and roofing, especially in the past

plumb, metal greu

plumb, metal greu

Ex: The old paint contained high levels of lead. 
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handle
handle
[substantiv]

a part of an object designed to be held for use, control, or movement

mâner, toartă

mâner, toartă

Ex: She gripped the handle of the mug carefully. 
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preference
preference
[substantiv]

a tendency or predisposition to favor something over other options

preferință, înclinație

preferință, înclinație

Ex: The survey revealed a preference toward eco-friendly products. 
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to mold
to mold
[verb]

to make something fit closely around the shape or contours of another thing

modela,  adapta

modela, adapta

Ex: The technician molded the plastic brace to the patient's leg. 
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grip
grip
[substantiv]

the part of a tool, handle, or equipment, such as a racket, that is held with the hand, often covered with a special tape or material to make holding easier and more secure

mânerul, gripul

mânerul, gripul

Ex: The new grip material absorbs sweat better during long games. 
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to push
to push
[verb]

to cause something to reach a particular level, amount, or condition

împinge, ridica

împinge, ridica

Ex: The injury pushed her recovery time to over six months. 
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to anticipate

to expect or foresee that something is likely to happen

prevedea,  anticipa

prevedea, anticipa

Ex: We anticipate strong demand for the new product. 
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further
further
[adverb]

at or to a more advanced point or stage

mai departe, în continuare

mai departe, în continuare

Ex: To complete the project, we need to push further into the research phase. 

Pentru a finaliza proiectul, trebuie să mergem mai departe în faza de cercetare.

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to contradict

(of pieces of evidence, facts, statements, etc.) to be opposite or very different in a way that it is impossible for all to be true at the same time

contrazice

contrazice

Ex: The witness's testimony contradicted the forensic evidence presented in court, leading to doubts about the accuracy of the case. 

Mărturia martorului a contrazis dovezile forense prezentate în instanță, ducând la îndoieli cu privire la exactitatea cazului.

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tour
tour
[substantiv]

a series of matches played by a particular sports teams in various locations

turneu, circuit

turneu, circuit

Ex: As part of the baseball league schedule, the team went on a West Coast tour, competing against rival teams in multiple states. 
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(in|by) comparison

used to highlight differences or similarities when comparing two or more things or people

în comparație, comparativ

în comparație, comparativ

Ex: In comparison with last year's sales figures, this year's results are significantly higher. 

În comparație cu cifrele de vânzări ale anului trecut, rezultatele din acest an sunt semnificativ mai mari.

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serve
serve
[substantiv]

the action of putting the ball or puck into play to start a point or match

serviciu, lovitură de start

serviciu, lovitură de start

Ex: His volleyball serve was difficult to return. 
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