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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Akademiko - Pagsusulit 1 - Pagbasa - Talata 1 (2)

Dito mo makikita ang bokabularyo mula sa Test 1 - Reading - Passage 1 (2) sa Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic coursebook, upang matulungan kang maghanda para sa iyong IELTS exam.

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
to maximize
[Pandiwa]

to increase something to the highest possible level

palakihin nang husto, i-optimize

palakihin nang husto, i-optimize

Ex: The company aims to maximize profits through strategic marketing .Ang kumpanya ay naglalayong **i-maximize** ang mga kita sa pamamagitan ng strategic marketing.
competitive
[pang-uri]

referring to a situation in which teams, players, etc. are trying to defeat their rivals

kompetitibo, mapagkumpitensya

kompetitibo, mapagkumpitensya

Ex: Competitive industries often drive innovation and efficiency .Ang mga industriyang **kompetitibo** ay madalas na nagtutulak ng inobasyon at kahusayan.
advantage
[Pangngalan]

a condition that causes a person or thing to be more successful compared to others

kalamangan

kalamangan

Ex: Negotiating from a position of strength gave the company an advantage in the contract talks .Ang pakikipagnegosasyon mula sa isang posisyon ng lakas ay nagbigay sa kumpanya ng isang **kalamangan** sa mga usapin sa kontrata.
mainly
[pang-abay]

most often or in most cases

pangunahin, karamihan

pangunahin, karamihan

Ex: Tourists visit the region mainly for its historic landmarks and scenic beauty .Ang mga turista ay bumibisita sa rehiyon **pangunahin** para sa mga makasaysayang landmark at magandang tanawin nito.
to date back
[Pandiwa]

to have origins or existence that extends to a specific earlier time

nagsimula noong, may pinagmulan sa

nagsimula noong, may pinagmulan sa

Ex: The historic mansion 's construction dates back to the early 19th century .Ang konstruksyon ng makasaysayang mansyon ay **nagsimula** noong unang bahagi ng ika-19 na siglo.
amateur
[pang-uri]

done for recreation, not as an occupation

amateur,  hindi propesyonal

amateur, hindi propesyonal

Ex: They organized an amateur painting workshop for beginners interested in learning basic techniques .Nag-organisa sila ng isang **amateur** na painting workshop para sa mga nagsisimula na interesado sa pag-aaral ng mga pangunahing teknik.
so-called
[pang-uri]

referring to a name commonly used for something

tinatawag, sinasabing

tinatawag, sinasabing

Ex: Many people are worried about the so-called killer bees .Maraming tao ang nag-aalala tungkol sa **tinatawag na** killer bees.

(of a tennis racket) having strings arranged in a loose, irregular pattern, often creating an exaggerated and springy effect

may spaghetti-strung, may mga kuwerdas na nakalagay nang maluwag at hindi regular

may spaghetti-strung, may mga kuwerdas na nakalagay nang maluwag at hindi regular

Ex: Some players experiment with spaghetti-strung rackets to test their control and spin .Ang ilang manlalaro ay nag-eeksperimento sa mga raketa na **may spaghetti-strung** upang subukan ang kanilang kontrol at ikot.
stringbed
[Pangngalan]

the arrangement of strings in a racket that forms the surface which makes contact with the ball or shuttlecock

stringbed, ayos ng mga string

stringbed, ayos ng mga string

Ex: The stringbed was too loose , leading to less control over the ball .Masyadong maluwag ang **stringbed**, na nagdulot ng mas kaunting kontrol sa bola.
to generate
[Pandiwa]

to cause or give rise to something

lumikha, magdulot

lumikha, magdulot

Ex: The marketing team generates leads through various online channels .Ang marketing team ay **nakakagawa** ng mga lead sa pamamagitan ng iba't ibang online channels.
topspin
[Pangngalan]

a stroke in racket sports such as tennis or table tennis where the player hits the ball with forward spin

topspin, paikot na pasulong

topspin, paikot na pasulong

Ex: He added more wrist action to generate more topspin on his backhand .Nagdagdag siya ng mas maraming aksyon ng pulso upang makabuo ng mas maraming **topspin** sa kanyang backhand.
to ban
[Pandiwa]

to officially forbid a particular action, item, or practice

ipagbawal, bawalan

ipagbawal, bawalan

Ex: The international community came together to ban the trade of ivory .Ang internasyonal na komunidad ay nagkaisa upang **ipagbawal** ang kalakalan ng garing.
federation
[Pangngalan]

the union of organizations, regions, countries, etc. to form a larger organization or government

pederasyon, konpederasyon

pederasyon, konpederasyon

used to indicate a small number or amount of something

isa o dalawa, ilan

isa o dalawa, ilan

Ex: I could use a minute or two to think about it .Maaari akong gumamit ng **isang minuto o dalawa** para pag-isipan ito.
regularity
[Pangngalan]

the quality of being consistent, steady, or predictable in occurrence or pattern

regularidad, kakayahan

regularidad, kakayahan

aspect
[Pangngalan]

a defining or distinctive feature of something

aspeto, katangian

aspeto, katangian

Ex: Climate change affects every aspect of our daily lives .Apektong pang-araw-araw ng ating buhay ang apektado ng pagbabago ng klima.
significance
[Pangngalan]

the state of being important or worthy of attention

kahalagahan, kahulugan

kahalagahan, kahulugan

Ex: She failed to understand the true significance of the warning .Nabigo siyang maunawaan ang tunay na **kahalagahan** ng babala.
nutrition
[Pangngalan]

food that is essential to one's growth and health

nutrisyon, pagkain

nutrisyon, pagkain

Ex: The school implemented a nutrition education program to teach students about the importance of making healthy food choices and maintaining balanced diets .Ang paaralan ay nagpatupad ng isang programa sa edukasyon sa **nutrisyon** upang turuan ang mga mag-aaral tungkol sa kahalagahan ng paggawa ng malusog na mga pagpipilian sa pagkain at pagpapanatili ng balanseng diyeta.
category
[Pangngalan]

a group of items that share a common feature

kategorya

kategorya

Ex: The museum 's collection is organized into categories like ancient art , modern art , and sculpture .Ang koleksyon ng museo ay nakaayos sa mga **kategorya** tulad ng sinaunang sining, modernong sining, at iskultura.
former
[pang-uri]

referring to the first of two things mentioned

una, nauna

una, nauna

Ex: After evaluating two investment strategies, they opted for the former approach as it promised more consistent returns.Matapos suriin ang dalawang estratehiya sa pamumuhunan, pinili nila ang **unang** pamamaraan dahil nangangako ito ng mas pare-parehong kita.
far
[pang-abay]

to a large degree

lubha, malaki ang grado

lubha, malaki ang grado

Ex: Her explanation made things far clearer for everyone .Ang kanyang paliwanag ay nagpalinaw **nang malaki** sa lahat.
latter
[pang-uri]

referring to the second of two things mentioned

huli, pangalawa

huli, pangalawa

Ex: Of the two holiday destinations, we decided to visit the latter one due to its proximity to the beach.Sa dalawang destinasyon ng bakasyon, nagpasya kaming bisitahin ang **huli** dahil sa kalapitan nito sa beach.
tension
[Pangngalan]

(physics) the state of being under pressure as a result of getting stretched

tensyon, presyon

tensyon, presyon

Ex: When two teams tug a rope equally , the tension at the center is zero .**Tensyon** ay zero sa gitna kapag dalawang koponan ay humila ng lubid nang pantay-pantay.
to install
[Pandiwa]

to set a piece of equipment in place and make it ready for use

mag-install, ikabit

mag-install, ikabit

Ex: To enhance energy efficiency , they decided to install solar panels on the roof .Upang mapahusay ang kahusayan sa enerhiya, nagpasya silang **mag-install** ng solar panels sa bubong.
continually
[pang-abay]

in a way that happens repeatedly, often annoyingly

patuloy,  walang tigil

patuloy, walang tigil

various
[pang-uri]

several and of different types or kinds

iba't ibang, marami

iba't ibang, marami

Ex: The library offers various genres of books to cater to different interests .Ang aklatan ay nag-aalok ng **iba't ibang** uri ng mga libro upang matugunan ang iba't ibang interes.
including
[Preposisyon]

used to point out that something or someone is part of a set or group

kasama, kabilang

kasama, kabilang

Ex: The trip covers all expenses, including flights and accommodation.Saklaw ng biyahe ang lahat ng gastos, **kasama** ang mga flight at accommodation.
court
[Pangngalan]

an area where people can play basketball, tennis, etc.

hukuman, laruan

hukuman, laruan

Ex: He practices his serve on the tennis court every morning.Nagsasanay siya ng kanyang serve sa **court** ng tennis tuwing umaga.
gut
[Pangngalan]

a type of string or cord made from the natural fibers found in the intestines of animals, often used in sports equipment like tennis rackets or musical instruments

kuwerdas ng bituka, lubid na gawa sa natural na fibers ng bituka

kuwerdas ng bituka, lubid na gawa sa natural na fibers ng bituka

Ex: The coach recommended gut strings for more precise shots in tennis .Inirerekomenda ng coach ang mga string na **bituka** para sa mas tumpak na mga shot sa tennis.
intestine
[Pangngalan]

a long, continuous tube in the body through which the food coming from the stomach moves and is passed

bituka

bituka

Ex: The intestines play a vital role in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients .Ang **bituka** ay may mahalagang papel sa pagbagsak ng pagkain at pagsipsip ng mga sustansya.
durable
[pang-uri]

able to resist wear, damage, or decay

Ex: The machine is made from durable metals to avoid corrosion .
nylon
[Pangngalan]

a tough synthetic fiber that is light and elastic, used in textile industry

nylon, sintetikong hibla

nylon, sintetikong hibla

Ex: This stretchy nylon fabric is ideal for activewear like leggings .Ang kahabaan na tela ng **nylon** na ito ay mainam para sa activewear tulad ng leggings.
stiff
[pang-uri]

not flexible and therefore hard to bend or change shape

matigas, hindi nababaluktot

matigas, hindi nababaluktot

Ex: The new shoes were too stiff and uncomfortable to wear .Ang mga bagong sapatos ay masyadong **matigas** at hindi komportableng isuot.
Kevlar
[Pangngalan]

a strong, lightweight material made from synthetic fibers, often used in protective gear such as bulletproof vests, helmets, and tires because of its high resistance to impact

Kevlar, isang malakas at magaan na materyal na gawa sa sintetikong mga hibla

Kevlar, isang malakas at magaan na materyal na gawa sa sintetikong mga hibla

Ex: The military relies on Kevlar for protective clothing and armor .Umaasa ang militar sa **Kevlar** para sa proteksiyon na damit at baluti.
copolyester
[Pangngalan]

a type of plastic made by combining two or more different chemical compounds to enhance strength, flexibility, and durability

copolyester, isang uri ng plastik na ginawa sa pamamagitan ng pagsasama ng dalawa o higit pang magkakaibang kemikal na compound upang mapahusay ang lakas

copolyester, isang uri ng plastik na ginawa sa pamamagitan ng pagsasama ng dalawa o higit pang magkakaibang kemikal na compound upang mapahusay ang lakas

Ex: The company developed a new copolyester blend for more efficient packaging .Ang kumpanya ay nakabuo ng isang bagong timpla ng **copolyester** para sa mas episyenteng packaging.
polyester
[Pangngalan]

a synthetic fiber that is quick to dry and is widely used in textile industry

polyester, polyester

polyester, polyester

to combine
[Pandiwa]

(of different elements) to come together in order to shape a single unit or a group

pagsamahin, pag-isahin

pagsamahin, pag-isahin

Ex: In team sports , individual skills and strategies combine to achieve victory on the field .Sa mga isports ng koponan, ang mga indibidwal na kasanayan at estratehiya ay **nagkakaisa** upang makamit ang tagumpay sa larangan.
additive
[Pangngalan]

a substance that is added in small quantities to something else to improve or preserve its quality, appearance, or effectiveness

additive, ahente ng pagdaragdag

additive, ahente ng pagdaragdag

Ex: In the experiment , they added a chemical additive to test its effect on the reaction rate .Sa eksperimento, nagdagdag sila ng isang kemikal na **additive** upang subukan ang epekto nito sa bilis ng reaksyon.
hybrid
[pang-uri]

combining two or more different elements, often from different sources or types

halo, pinagsama

halo, pinagsama

Ex: The hybrid engine improves the car 's performance and fuel efficiency .Ang **hybrid** na makina ay nagpapabuti sa pagganap at kahusayan sa gasolina ng kotse.
setup
[Pangngalan]

the arrangement or organization of equipment, tools, or elements in a specific way, typically designed to achieve a particular function or performance

pag-setup, ayos

pag-setup, ayos

Ex: The photographer adjusted the setup of the lighting to capture the perfect shot .Inayos ng litratista ang **setup** ng ilaw upang makuha ang perpektong kuha.
by far
[pang-abay]

to a significant or notable degree beyond all others

malayo, lubusan

malayo, lubusan

Ex: By far, this project has been the most challenging .**Sa ngayon**, itong proyekto ang pinakamahirap.
fit
[Pangngalan]

something that is well-suited or ideal for a particular purpose, style, or situation

angkop, bagay

angkop, bagay

Ex: The new product is a great fit for the target market .Ang bagong produkto ay isang mahusay na **akma** para sa target na merkado.
to tend
[Pandiwa]

to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern

may tendensya, karaniwan

may tendensya, karaniwan

Ex: In colder climates , temperatures tend to drop significantly during the winter months .Sa mas malamig na klima, ang mga temperatura ay **may tendensiya** na bumaba nang malaki sa mga buwan ng taglamig.
to battle out
[Pandiwa]

to compete, argue, or fight until a decision, winner, or resolution is reached

makipagkumpitensya hanggang sa dulo, makipaglaban hanggang sa dulo

makipagkumpitensya hanggang sa dulo, makipaglaban hanggang sa dulo

Ex: He and his opponent battled it out in a fierce tennis match.Siya at ang kanyang kalaban ay **naglaban** sa isang mabangis na laro ng tenis.
net
[Pangngalan]

the barrier in the middle of a court over which players hit the ball, used in sports such as tennis

net, lambat

net, lambat

Ex: They adjusted the tension of the net to ensure it was set at the proper height for the match .Inayos nila ang tensyon ng **net** upang matiyak na ito ay nakatakda sa tamang taas para sa laban.
to indicate
[Pandiwa]

to show, point out, or suggest the existence, presence, or nature of something

ipahiwatig, ipakita

ipahiwatig, ipakita

Ex: The chart indicates a trend in sales .Ang tsart ay **nagpapahiwatig** ng isang trend sa mga benta.
spin
[Pangngalan]

the rotation applied to a tennis ball, which affects its flight path and bounce

ikot, spin

ikot, spin

Ex: With a strong spin, the ball would drop just inside the baseline , making it harder to return .Sa malakas na **ikot**, ang bola ay babagsak mismo sa loob ng baseline, na nagpapahirap sa pagbalik nito.
in a sense
[pang-abay]

from a certain perspective or interpretation, though not in every way

sa isang diwa, sa isang paraan

sa isang diwa, sa isang paraan

Ex: In one sense , his silence said more than words .**Sa isang diwa**, ang kanyang katahimikan ay nagsabi ng higit pa sa mga salita.

to change something in a significant or fundamental way

rebolusyonize, baguhin nang malawakan

rebolusyonize, baguhin nang malawakan

Ex: The adoption of e-commerce has revolutionized the retail and shopping experience .Ang pag-aampon ng e-commerce ay **nagrebolusyon** sa retail at shopping experience.
beyond
[Preposisyon]

outside the limits of something in distance, reach, or capacity

lampas, sa labas ng

lampas, sa labas ng

Ex: The candle was placed just beyond the toddler 's fingertips .Ang kandila ay inilagay lamang **lampas** sa dulo ng mga daliri ng bata.
adjustment
[Pangngalan]

the act of making something suitable or adapting to specific circumstances by making necessary changes or modifications

pagsasaayos,  pag-aangkop

pagsasaayos, pag-aangkop

Ex: The adjustment in the budget allowed the project to continue without delays .Ang **pagsasaayos** sa badyet ay nagbigay-daan sa proyekto na magpatuloy nang walang pagkaantala.
serving
[Pangngalan]

the act of putting the ball into play by hitting or throwing it to start a point in sports like tennis, volleyball, or table tennis

pagseserbisyo, pagserve

pagseserbisyo, pagserve

Ex: The coach corrected his technique during serving drills.Itinama ng coach ang kanyang technique sa panahon ng mga drill sa **pagseserve**.
to attribute
[Pandiwa]

to relate or assign a feature or quality to something or someone

iugnay, italaga

iugnay, italaga

Ex: Kindness is a trait that many people attribute to their favorite teachers.Ang **kabaitan** ay isang katangian na itinuturo ng maraming tao sa kanilang mga paboritong guro.
lead
[Pangngalan]

a heavy soft metal, used in making bullets, in plumbing and roofing, especially in the past

tingga, mabigat na metal

tingga, mabigat na metal

Ex: The plumber replaced the corroded lead pipes with modern alternatives to ensure the safety of the drinking water supply .Pinalitan ng tubero ang mga kinakalawang na **tubong lead** ng mga modernong alternatibo upang matiyak ang kaligtasan ng supply ng inuming tubig.
handle
[Pangngalan]

a part of an object designed for grasping, holding, or carrying it

hawakan, tangke

hawakan, tangke

preference
[Pangngalan]

a strong liking for one option or choice over another based on personal taste, favor, etc.

kagustuhan

kagustuhan

Ex: The candidate 's policy proposals align closely with the preferences of young voters .Ang mga panukalang patakaran ng kandidato ay malapit na nakahanay sa mga **preperensya** ng mga batang botante.
to mold
[Pandiwa]

to adjust or shape something closely to the contours or structure of another object

hulmain, ibagay

hulmain, ibagay

Ex: The tailor skillfully molded the fabric to fit the client 's body , creating a garment that accentuated their figure .Mahusay na **hinu** ng mananahi ang tela upang magkasya sa katawan ng kliyente, na lumikha ng isang kasuotan na nagbibigay-diin sa kanilang figure.
grip
[Pangngalan]

the part of a tool, handle, or equipment, such as a racket, that is held with the hand, often covered with a special tape or material to make holding easier and more secure

hawakan, grip

hawakan, grip

Ex: Grips are available in different sizes and materials to suit personal preferences .Ang **hawakan** ay available sa iba't ibang laki at materyales para umangkop sa personal na kagustuhan.
to push
[Pandiwa]

to cause something to reach a particular level, amount, or condition

itulak, pataasin

itulak, pataasin

Ex: Their hard work pushed sales numbers above expectations .Ang kanilang masipag na trabaho ay **itinulak** ang mga numero ng benta nang higit sa inaasahan.
to anticipate
[Pandiwa]

to expect or predict that something will happen

asahan, hulaan

asahan, hulaan

Ex: He anticipated potential challenges and prepared accordingly .In**asahan** niya ang mga posibleng hamon at naghanda nang naaayon.
further
[pang-abay]

at or to a more advanced point or stage

mas malayo, karagdagang

mas malayo, karagdagang

Ex: The technology has advanced further since the initial release of the product .Ang teknolohiya ay umunlad **pa** mula sa unang paglabas ng produkto.
to contradict
[Pandiwa]

(of pieces of evidence, facts, statements, etc.) to be opposite or very different in a way that it is impossible for all to be true at the same time

salungat

salungat

Ex: Can you please clarify why your statement contradicts the information provided in the report ?Maaari mo bang linawin kung bakit **sumasalungat** ang iyong pahayag sa impormasyong ibinigay sa ulat?
tour
[Pangngalan]

a series of matches played by a particular sports teams in various locations

paglibot, sirkito

paglibot, sirkito

Ex: The soccer team embarked on a preseason tour, playing friendly matches in different countries to prepare for the upcoming season .Ang soccer team ay nag-embark sa isang preseason **tour**, naglalaro ng mga friendly matches sa iba't ibang bansa upang maghanda para sa darating na season.
in comparison
[pang-abay]

used to highlight differences or similarities when comparing two or more things or people

sa paghahambing, kung ihahambing

sa paghahambing, kung ihahambing

Ex: She has a much more relaxed approach to work when compared with her colleagues , in comparison .Mas relaxado ang kanyang approach sa trabaho kumpara sa kanyang mga kasamahan, **sa paghahambing**.
serve
[Pangngalan]

the action of putting the ball or puck into play to start a point or match

serbisyo, pagsisimula ng laro

serbisyo, pagsisimula ng laro

Ex: The table tennis player 's serve was too fast for her opponent .Ang **serve** ng manlalaro ng table tennis ay masyadong mabilis para sa kanyang kalaban.
Cambridge IELTS 19 - Akademiko
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