Науки ACT - Chemistry
Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с химией, такие как «радиоактивный», «пипетка», «титрование» и т. д., которые помогут вам улучшить свои навыки ACT.
Обзор
Флэш-карточки
Правописание
Тест
a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure
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полимер
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each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass
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изотоп
containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions
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радиоактивный
a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule
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ковалентная связь, ковалентная ссылка
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a type of chemical bond between two atoms involving the sharing of two pairs of electrons, resulting in a stronger and more stable connection than a single bond
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двойная связь, двойная связь
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defining substances or surfaces that have a strong attraction to water molecules, allowing them to easily absorb or interact with water
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гидрофильный
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characterized by substances or surfaces that repel water molecules, showing little or no affinity for water
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гидрофобный, отталкивающий воду
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a chemical reaction that releases heat energy to its surroundings, typically resulting in a temperature increase
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экзотермическая реакция, реакция
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a chemical process that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings, often resulting in a temperature decrease
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эндотермическая реакция, реакция
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the weighted average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the masses of all its naturally occurring isotopes
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атомная масса, средняя атомная масса
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the total mass of all the atoms in a single molecule of a substance
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молярная масса, масса молекулы
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the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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массовое число, число нуклонов
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a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12
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моль
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a container usually made of glass or plastic used in chemistry and laboratory
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мензурка
a laboratory tool used to measure and transfer small volumes of liquid
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пипетка
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a device that spins samples to separate components based on density
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центрифуга, финансовый центр
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a special paper treated with chemicals that change color in response to certain conditions, used to test for the presence of specific substances or measure pH levels
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индикаторная бумага, показательная бумага
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a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties
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периодическая таблица, таблица элементов
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the process of dispersing or dissolving a substance into a solvent to form a homogeneous solution
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солевание, растворение
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the arrangement, composition, and characteristics of a material at a microscopic level
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микроструктура, микроструктура материала
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denoting substances with a highly organized molecular structure, akin to crystals
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кристаллический, кристальный
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the measure of how much of a substance is present in a certain volume of solution
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концентрация, содержимое
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a device used to analyze the chemical composition of small samples at a microscopic scale
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микропроба
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a substance capable of absorbing and retaining a large amount of liquid relative to its own mass
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суперабсорбент, суперабсорбционная субstanция
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a type of metallic material composed of three or more elements mixed together in varying proportions
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мультикомпонентный сплав, сплав с несколькими компонентами
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a tiny, tube-shaped structure made of carbon atoms, with remarkable strength and electrical properties
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нанотрубка
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a group of atoms bonded together that behaves as a single unit within a molecule
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радикал, химический радикал
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a phase is a distinct form of matter with uniform chemical and physical properties, separated from other forms by boundaries
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фаза, состояние
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the process where calcium or calcium salts accumulate in a tissue, making it hard and rigid
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кальцинация, кальцификация
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the process by which microorganisms convert carbohydrates into alcohol, acids, or gases
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ферментация
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to eliminate or neutralize harmful substances
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детоксинировать, нейтрализовать вредные вещества
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to analyze or test a substance, typically in a laboratory setting, to determine its components or qualities
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анализировать
a scientist who studies the structure and properties of crystals
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кристаллограф
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a scientist who studies the chemical composition and processes of celestial bodies to understand the formation and evolution of the universe
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космохимик
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a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances based on their differential affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase
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хроматография
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a type of radioactive decay where a nucleus emits a beta particle (electron or positron) to transform a neutron into a proton or vice versa
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бета-распад, распад бета
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a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by gradually adding a reagent of known concentration until a reaction is completed
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титрование, титровка
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a state in a chemical reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products
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динамическое равновесие, химическое равновесие
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a device that turns vapor into liquid by cooling it
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конденсатор, прибор конденсации
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weak attractive forces between molecules or atoms, arising from temporary or induced dipoles
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силы Ван дер Ваальса, взаимодействия Ван дер Ваальса
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a scientist or engineer who specializes in the study and production of metals and alloys, including their properties, processing methods, and applications
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металлург
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the process by which molecules of a substance adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a thin film or layer
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адсорбция, прилипания молекул к поверхности
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a renewable, alternative fuel made from organic materials such as vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking grease
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биодизель, биодизельное топливо
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(chemistry) the process of separating a liquid or solution into its parts by passing electricity through it
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электролиз
to disperse fine particles throughout a fluid so they remain evenly distributed without settling
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взбалтывать, супендировать
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a specific composition of a mixture of substances, typically metals or alloys, where the melting point is at its lowest possible temperature under atmospheric pressure
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евтектический
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