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ACT Science - Chemistry

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord relaterade till kemi, som "radioaktiv", "pipett", "titrering" etc. som hjälper dig att klara dina ACTs.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
polymer

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

polymer

polymer

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isotope

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

isotop

isotop

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reactive

having a tendency to to undergo chemical reactions

reaktiv

reaktiv

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radioactive

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

radioaktiv

radioaktiv

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covalent bond

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

kovalent bindning

kovalent bindning

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double bond

a type of chemical bond between two atoms involving the sharing of two pairs of electrons, resulting in a stronger and more stable connection than a single bond

dubbelbindning

dubbelbindning

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hydrophilic

defining substances or surfaces that have a strong attraction to water molecules, allowing them to easily absorb or interact with water

hydrofila

hydrofila

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hydrophobic

characterized by substances or surfaces that repel water molecules, showing little or no affinity for water

hydrofob

hydrofob

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exothermic reaction

a chemical reaction that releases heat energy to its surroundings, typically resulting in a temperature increase

exoterm reaktion

exoterm reaktion

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endothermic reaction

a chemical process that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings, often resulting in a temperature decrease

endoterm reaktion

endoterm reaktion

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atomic mass

the weighted average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the masses of all its naturally occurring isotopes

atommassa

atommassa

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molecular mass

the total mass of all the atoms in a single molecule of a substance

molekylär massa

molekylär massa

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mass number

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

massnummer

massnummer

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mole

a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12

mol

mol

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beaker

a container usually made of glass or plastic used in chemistry and laboratory

mätglas

mätglas

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pipette

a laboratory tool used to measure and transfer small volumes of liquid

pipett

pipett

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centrifuge

a device that spins samples to separate components based on density

centrifug

centrifug

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indicator paper

a special paper treated with chemicals that change color in response to certain conditions, used to test for the presence of specific substances or measure pH levels

indikatorpapper

indikatorpapper

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periodic table

a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties

periodiska systemet

periodiska systemet

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to dissolve

(of a solid) to become one with a liquid

lösa

lösa

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solubilization

the process of dispersing or dissolving a substance into a solvent to form a homogeneous solution

solubilisering

solubilisering

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microstructure

the arrangement, composition, and characteristics of a material at a microscopic level

mikrostruktur

mikrostruktur

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crystalline

denoting substances with a highly organized molecular structure, akin to crystals

kristallin

kristallin

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concentration

the measure of how much of a substance is present in a certain volume of solution

koncentration

koncentration

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microprobe

a device used to analyze the chemical composition of small samples at a microscopic scale

mikrosond

mikrosond

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superabsorbent

a substance capable of absorbing and retaining a large amount of liquid relative to its own mass

superabsorberande

superabsorberande

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multicomponent alloy

a type of metallic material composed of three or more elements mixed together in varying proportions

multikomponentlegering

multikomponentlegering

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nanotube

a tiny, tube-shaped structure made of carbon atoms, with remarkable strength and electrical properties

nanorör

nanorör

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molten

heated to a liquid state due to high temperatures

smält

smält

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radical

a group of atoms bonded together that behaves as a single unit within a molecule

radikal

radikal

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phase

a phase is a distinct form of matter with uniform chemical and physical properties, separated from other forms by boundaries

fas

fas

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calcification

the process where calcium or calcium salts accumulate in a tissue, making it hard and rigid

kalcifikation

kalcifikation

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fermentation

the process by which microorganisms convert carbohydrates into alcohol, acids, or gases

fermentering

fermentering

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to detoxify

to eliminate or neutralize harmful substances

detoxifiera

detoxifiera

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to assay

to analyze or test a substance, typically in a laboratory setting, to determine its components or qualities

analysera

analysera

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crystallographer

a scientist who studies the structure and properties of crystals

kristallograf

kristallograf

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cosmochemist

a scientist who studies the chemical composition and processes of celestial bodies to understand the formation and evolution of the universe

kosmokemist

kosmokemist

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chromatography

a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances based on their differential affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase

kromatografi

kromatografi

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beta decay

a type of radioactive decay where a nucleus emits a beta particle (electron or positron) to transform a neutron into a proton or vice versa

beta sönderfall

beta sönderfall

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uncharged

not having an electrical charge

icke laddad

icke laddad

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titration

a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by gradually adding a reagent of known concentration until a reaction is completed

titrering

titrering

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equilibrium

a state in a chemical reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products

dynamisk jämvikt

dynamisk jämvikt

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condenser

a device that turns vapor into liquid by cooling it

kondensator

kondensator

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van der waal's forces

weak attractive forces between molecules or atoms, arising from temporary or induced dipoles

Van der Waals-krafter

Van der Waals-krafter

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metallurgist

a scientist or engineer who specializes in the study and production of metals and alloys, including their properties, processing methods, and applications

metallurg

metallurg

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adsorption

the process by which molecules of a substance adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a thin film or layer

adsorption

adsorption

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biodiesel

a renewable, alternative fuel made from organic materials such as vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking grease

biodiesel

biodiesel

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electrolysis

(chemistry) the process of separating a liquid or solution into its parts by passing electricity through it

elektrolys

elektrolys

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to suspend

to disperse fine particles throughout a fluid so they remain evenly distributed without settling

suspendera

suspendera

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eutectic

a specific composition of a mixture of substances, typically metals or alloys, where the melting point is at its lowest possible temperature under atmospheric pressure

eutektoid

eutektoid

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to dilute

to make a solution or mixture weaker or less concentrated by adding more liquid

späda

späda

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